Levasseur PL.4

The Levasseur PL.4, aka Levasseur Marin, was a carrier-based reconnaissance aircraft produced in France in the 1920s.

The PL.4 was a conventional, single-bay biplane that carried a crew of three in tandem, open cockpits. Purchased by the Aéronavale to operate from the aircraft carrier Béarn, it incorporated several safety features in case of ditching at sea. Apart from small floats attached directly to the undersides of the lower wing, the main units of the fixed, tailskid undercarriage could be jettisoned in flight, and the underside of the fuselage was given a boat-like shape and made watertight.

To meet the 1924 A.3/R.3b (three seat observation and gunnery spotter aircraft) specification from the Service technique de l’aéronautique (STAé), one PL.4 A3 R3b was built.

Forty PL.4 were built, first flying in 1926.

PL 4 aboard Bearn

PL.4
Powerplant: 1 × Lorraine-Dietrich 12Eb W-12 340 kW (450 hp)
Propeller: 2-bladed fixed-pitch
Wingspan: 14.6 m (47 ft 11 in)
Wing area: 60 m2 (650 sq ft)
Width: 5.67 m (18 ft 7 in) wings folded
Length: 9.7 m (31 ft 10 in)
Height: 3.915 m (12 ft 10 in)
Empty weight: 1,650 kg (3,638 lb)
Gross weight: 2,550 kg (5,622 lb)
Maximum speed sea level: 175 km/h (109 mph, 94 kn)
Maximum speed 3,000 m (9,800 ft): 170 km/h (110 mph; 92 kn)
Range: 900 km (560 mi, 490 nmi)
Endurance: 5 hours
Service ceiling: 5,000 m (16,000 ft)
Time to 3,000 m (9,800 ft): 20 minutes
Wing loading: 43 kg/m2 (8.8 lb/sq ft)
Power/mass: 0.1337 kW/kg (0.0813 hp/lb)
Crew: 3

Levasseur Antoinette / Antoinette IV / V / VI / VII / VIII

Designer Leon Levavasseur produce the first Antoinette (model IV) in 1908. The Antoinette IV was a single-engine one-seat monoplane with aft-mounted aileron surfaces. It was first flown at Issy on 9 October 1908 but was not demonstrated to the public until early 1909. English pilot Herbert Latham made a number of test flights with the type IV and attempted a Chsnnel crossing on 19 July 1909 but landed in the sea.

Several records were flown, like the first German cross country and the first time at 1000m height.

Antoinette IV

The Antoinette V, first flown on 20 December 1908, was a variant of Antoinette IV with wing warping instead of ailerons. The Antoinette would set a world distance record 96 miles in 2 hours 19 minutes.

The 1909 Antoinette VI was similar to the Type IV & V but with true ailerons (later converted to wing warping)

Antoinette VI

Latham flew the improved Type VII in July 1909. This featured a warping wing control system, larger engine, and other minor changes.

Latham’s “Antoinette”

On 19 July 1910 it too landed in the sea one mile short of the English coastline.

Latham’s Fall into the Channel
Latham’s Fall into the Channel
Antoinette VII

In 1910 Latham built his own Type VII using original Antoinette plans and it was flown regularly for several years in his experiments with monoplane designs.

Latham Antoinette VII
Küller’s Antoinette VII

Gijs Küller flew an Antoinette VII with an 50 hp E.N.V. engine at the 1910 Rouen meeting.

Küller’s Antoinette VII
Antoinette VIII

The 1909 Antoinette VIII monoplane was similar to the previous types but the wing span was 46 feet.

Replica:
Hants & Sussex Aviation Antoinette

Gallery

Engine One 50 hp Antoinette.
Length 37 ft. (11.5m)
Wing span 42 ft (12.8m)
Weight empty 992 lb (450 kg)
Seats: 1.
Speed: 43 mph (70 kph)
Range 96 miles (155 km)

Latham Type VII
Engine: Antoinette V-8, 50 hp
Wingspan: 42 ft
Length: 37 ft 8 in
All up weight: 1300 lb
Max speed: 44 mph

Letov Air ST-4 Aztek

A two-seat microlight (1996 type), in assembled or kit form. The ST-4 was effectively a side by side version of the Sluka.

Engine: Rotax 582, 64 hp
Wing span: 10.40 m
Wing area: 15.3 sq.m
MAUW: 450 kg
Empty weight: 220 kg
Fuel capacity: 45.5 lt
Max speed: 130 kph
Cruise speed: 100 kph
Minimum speed: 49 kph
Climb rate: 4 m/s
Seats: 2
Fuel consumption: 13 lt/hr
Certification: AAA CR ULL-II/96
Price (1998): 32 290 DM
Kit price (1998): 23 530 DM

Letov Air LK-2 Sluka

LK-2M

LK-2 Sluka single-seat microlight (first flown 1991), assembled or kit form.

LK-2M

LK-2M
Engine: Rotax 447, 42 hp
Wing span: 9.2 m
Wing area: 14 sq.m
MAUW: 290 kg
Empty weight: 140 kg
Certification: VZ, PFA
Max speed: 120 kph
Cruise speed: 85 kph
Minimum speed: 45 kph
Climb rate: 4.5 m/s
Seats: 1
Fuel consumption: 1 lt/hr
Kit price (1998): £7850