Biplane

Bowers Fly Bi-Baby B-1B

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The prototype Fly Baby 1 B biplane, which first flew in 1969, could be converted from monoplane to biplane in around an hour. The two monoplane wing panels are replaced by four smaller ones, plus a center section for the top wing. The biplane wings take longer to build, since there are four panels and a center section, and they’re swept rather than straight. And there are some internal braces and external tangs that have to be added to the fuselage. This can be done after the fuselage is done (The prototype was converted after completion), but it is easier during construction. The biplane is slower, and the wings don’t fold.

In monoplane or biplane configuration, the Fly Baby does meet the US rules for Sport Pilot. In the United States, you do not need an FAA medical to fly a Fly Baby.

This plane is a structurally simple and easy-to-fly airplane designed to the requirements of the Experimental aircraft Association for home construction and storage in a space 7 x 8 x 20 feet, which is equivalent to the standard home garage. Great emphasis has been placed upon safe flight characteristics and good low speed performance for takeoff and landing at some sacrifice of high speed. The structure has been designed for standard airplane engines from 65 to 85 horsepower and the aerodynamic features are of sizes and proportions suited to obtaining the best all-around performance in this power range. Because of this, there is not enough advantage to be gained from using engines of significantly higher power to offset the cost and weight penalties. Increasing the power to increase the aerobatic capability is not recommended. Fly Baby will do simple recreational aerobatics very well but is not intended for rough air show or competition maneuvers.

Gallery

Engine: Continental C-85, 85 hp.
HP range: 65-100.
Height: 7 ft.
Length: 18.9 ft.
Wing span: 22 ft.
Wing area: 150 sq.ft.
Weight empty: 651 lbs.
Gross: 972 lbs.
Fuel cap: 12-16 USG.
Speed max: 110 mph.
Cruise: 87 mph.
Range: 200 sm.
Stall: 45 mph.
ROC: 875 fpm.
Take-off dist: 350 ft.
Landing dist: 400 ft.
Service ceiling: 14,000 ft.
Seats: 1.
Landing gear: tail wheel.

Engine: Continental O-200, 100 hp
Wing span: 22 ft
Length: 19 ft
Empty wt: 651 lb
MAUW: 972 lb
ROC: 700 fpm

Boulton Paul P75 Overstrand

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After months of investigation from 13 August 1932, Boulton & Paul came up with a completely enclosed cylindrical turret with a hemispherical top, housing a single Lewis gun mounted with the barrel protruding through a narrow slot. Rotation of the turret was by means of compressed air, and the gunner could elevate his gun to around 70 degrees through a 360 degree horizontal field of fire.

The turret tested on an Overstrand was one of the two new prototypes completely redesigned by BPA, but built by SAMM with Browning guns. There was never a 4-gun Darne turret. The SAMM prototype of the Darne layout was a two gun test ring only.

By June 1933, a mock-up which incorporated also hydraulic balancing of the seat and gun had been officially inspected and accepted for installation in the Sidestrand. Having afforded such protection to the nose gunner, it was decided that the same treatment should be offered to the pilot by providing a fully enclosed cockpit. Furthermore, the aircraft was re-engined with Bristol Pegasus engines; due to all these improvements, what was supposed to be the Sidestrand Mk V was renamed ‘Overstrand’.

Three Sidestrand Mk IIIs were converted to Sidestrand Mk V configuration but were then renamed Overstrand.
The first Sidestrand conversion Overstrand flew in 1933 with a 414-kW (555-hp) Pegasus 1M3 engine in a low-drag Townend ring cowling, an enclosed and heated cockpit, a shielded dorsal position, an autopilot and a fully enclosed nose turret.

The only production variant was the Overstrand Mk I, and 24 of this model were produced to replace the Sidestrands of No. 101 Squadron at Bicester from December 1934. Four Overstrands were also allocated to No. 144 Squadron.

The production Overstrand that entered service with No 101 Squadron from 1934 became the RAF’s first bomber with a power-operated enclosed gun-turret, which overcame the problems associated with firing movable machine-guns at high speed.

A total of 24 Overstrands were built, each powered by two 432kW Bristol Pegasus II M3 radial engines. These remained in service as bombers until 1937, then becoming gunnery trainers up to 1941. From 1937, the Overstrand was replaced by the Bristol Blenheim.

Overstrand Mk I
Powerplant: 2 x Bristol Pegasus IIM3, 432kW (580 hp)
Span: 21.95m (72ft).
Wing area: 91.04 sq.m / 979.95 sq ft
Length: 14.02m (46ft).
Height: 4.72 m / 15 ft 6 in
Max T/O weight: 5443 kg (12,000 lb)
Empty weight: 3600 kg / 7937 lb
Max speed: 153 mph at 6,500 ft
Ceiling: 6860 m / 22500 ft
Operational range: 545 miles.
Armament: 3 x 7.7-mm (0.303-in) machine-guns plus 726 kg (1,600 lb) bombs
Crew : 5

Boulton Paul P71A Mailplane

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Development from the P.64, the Boulton & Paul P.71A was lighter, slimmer and longer. The P.71A had 365kW Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar VIAs, in place of the 414kW Bristol Pegasus engines of the P.64 and two aircraft were delivered to Imperial Airways at Croydon in February 1935.
The airline had lost interest in mail-carrying possibilities and the two aircraft, named Boadicea and Britomart, were converted for passenger carrying with 13 seats, which were easily removable if the aircraft were required for use as light freighters.

The P.71As were both lost within 19 months of delivery. The first of them was damaged beyond repair in a landing accident at Brussels in October 1935. The second disappeared over the English Channel in September 1936.

P.71A
Engines: 2 x Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar VIA radial, 365kW
Take-off weight: 4309 kg / 9500 lb
Empty weight: 2767 kg / 6100 lb
Wingspan: 16.46 m / 54 ft 0 in
Length: 13.46 m / 44 ft 2 in
Height: 4.62 m / 15 ft 2 in
Wing area: 66.75 sq.m / 718.49 sq ft
Max. speed: 314 km/h / 195 mph
Cruise speed: 267 km/h / 166 mph
Range: 966 km / 600 miles

Boulton Paul P64 Mailplane

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In 1933 Boulton & Paul built a twin-engine all-metal biplane under a contract awarded by Imperial Airways for a mailplane capable of carrying a 454kg payload over a 1609km range at reasonable speed. First flown at the company’s airfield at Mousehold, Norwich, in March 1933, it lasted barely seven months before being destroyed in an unexplained fatal crash during trials at Martlesham Heath in October.

It was considered expensive and unsatisfactory, and developed into the P71A Mailplane.

Engine: 2 x 555hp Bristol Pegasus I.M.2
Take-off weight: 5115 kg / 11277 lb
Empty weight: 3182 kg / 7015 lb
Wingspan: 16.46 m / 54 ft 0 in
Length: 12.95 m / 42 ft 6 in
Height: 3.96 m / 12 ft 12 in
Wing area: 70.23 sq.m / 755.95 sq ft
Max. speed: 298 km/h / 185 mph
Ceiling: 6858 m / 22500 ft
Range: 1610 km / 1000 miles

Boulton Paul P33 Partridge

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Evolved as a private venture to meet the requirements of Specification F.9/26, eventually satisfied by the Bristol Bulldog, the Partridge, designed by J D North, was of all-metal construction and its structure was made up in part of components already standardised for the P.29 Sidestrand bomber. Flown for the first time in 1928 with a 440hp Bristol Jupiter VII nine-cylinder radial (which it was intended to replace with the Mercury II in the unrealised Partridge III), it carried the standard armament of two 7.7mm Vickers machine guns in lateral fuselage bulges. The Partridge was initially flown with ailerons on the top wing only, but similar control surfaces were later introduced on the lower wing also. Only one prototype was built.
It was entered in the F9/26 competition at Martlesham Heath against the officially sponsored Armstrong Whitworth Starling, Boulton-Paul Partridge, Gloster Goldfinch and Hawker Hawfinch, won by the Bulldog.

Engine: 440hp Bristol Jupiter VII
Take-off weight: 1405 kg / 3098 lb
Empty weight: 917 kg / 2022 lb
Wingspan: 10.67 m / 35 ft 0 in
Length: 7.03 m / 23 ft 1 in
Wing area: 28.89 sq.m / 310.97 sq ft
Max. speed: 269 km/h / 167 mph

Boulton Paul P31 Bittern

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The Bittern, designed to meet the requirements of Specification 27/24 for a night fighter, was one of the earliest single-seat twin-engined fighter monoplanes and was intended as a bomber formation interceptor. Powered by two 230hp Armstrong Siddeley Lynx seven-cylinder radials, the first of two Bittern prototypes was flown in 1927, with shoulder-mounted wings carrying mid-set uncowled engines. Armament was two fixed forward-firing 7.7mm Vickers guns in the sides of the forward fuselage.
The second prototype differed with a redesigned wing of constant chord and thickness, overall span being increased by approximately 1.52m and the leading edge carrying Handley Page slots. Six pairs of V-type struts braced the outer wings to the engine nacelles and fuselage. Townend cowling rings were fitted to the engines which were lowered on the wings. In place of the fixed Vickers, two Lewis guns of similar calibre were mounted in barbettes on the fuselage sides forward and below the wing leading edge. These enabled the weapons to be elevated between 0° and 45°. Interconnected with a ring sight attached to an elevating hoop pivoted at the cockpit sides, the guns had no traverse, but their arrangement enabled bombers to be attacked from below. Although advanced in concept, the Bittern was seriously underpowered, with inadequate performance and its development was abandoned.

Engines: 2 x 230hp Armstrong Siddeley Lynx
Take-off weight: 2041 kg / 4500 lb
Wingspan: 12.5 m / 41 ft 0 in
Length: 9.75 m / 31 ft 12 in
Max. speed: 233 km/h / 145 mph

Boulton Paul P29 Sidestrand

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Boulton Paul developed the Sidestrand to meet Specification 9/24 for a three/four-seat medium day bomber.
The first of two Boulton & Paul P.29 Sidestrand Mk I prototypes flew in 1926, and the company received an order for 18 production aircraft.
Deliveries to the newly re-formed No. 101 Squadron at Bircham Newton began during April 1928, the first batch of six aircraft being of the Sidestrand Mk II version with ungeared Bristol Jupiter VI engines. These were followed by nine of the Sidestrand Mk III versions with geared Jupiter VIIIFs, and the final three production aircraft were replacement Mk IIs.

With well-balanced, powerful controls including a servo-actuated rudder, the aeroplane was designed for Napier Lion inline engines, but always flew with Jupiter radials.
Three Sidestrand Mk IIIs were converted to Sidestrand Mk V configuration but were then renamed Overstrand.
The first RAF twin-engined bomber to enter service since World War I, the Sidestrand was replaced by the Overstrand in December 1934.

Sidestrand Mk III
Engine: 2 x Bristol Jupiter VIIIF, 343kW (460 hp)
Span: 21.92m (71 ft 11 in)
Length: 14.02m (46ft)
Height: 4.52 m / 14 ft 10 in
Wing area: 91.04 sqm / 979.95 sq ft
Max T/O weight: 4627kg (10,200 lb)
Empty weight: 2726 kg / 6010 lb
Max speed: 225 km/h / 140 mph at 10,000ft
Ceiling: 7315 m / 24000 ft
Operational range: 500 miles / 432 nm / 800 km
Armament: 3 x 7.7-mm (0.303-in) machine-guns, 476 kg (1,050 lb) bombs
Crew: 4