The Häfeli DH-5 was a two-seat reconnaissance aircraft designed by August Häfeli. It was a single-bay biplane of wood and fabric construction. The aircraft was powered by a 180 hp (134 kW) LFW I engine produced by the Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works.
Built by the aircraft department of the Federal Construction Works (Eidgenoessische Konstruktionswerkstaette, K + W) at Thun, Switzerland, test flying of the prototype commenced in March 1919 and 39 were ordered. Some aircraft were later modified with Handley Page slats.
A second batch of 20 aircraft were powered by a 200 hp (149 kW) LFW II engine. A further batch of 20 aircraft designated the DH-5A used the LFW III engine.
The DH-5 entered service in 1922 with the Swiss Air Force and was not withdrawn from service until 1940.
Variants
DH-5 Initial production version with either the LFW I or LFW II engine.
DH-5A Version with a 220 hp (164 kw) LFW III engines, survivors were modified at Thun in 1932 with Handley Page slats and changes to allow crew to wear parachutes.
DH-5X Trials aircraft powered by a Hispano-Suiza HS-42 (8Fb) engine imported from France. The aircraft was not ordered into production due lack of availability of the engines and the DH-5X crashed in 1933.
DH-5A Engine: 1 × LFW III, 220 hp (164 kW) Wingspan: 39 ft 4½ in (12 m) Wing area: 338 ft² (31.40 m²) Length: 24 ft 11¼ in (7.60 m) Height: 10 ft 2 in (3.10 m) Empty weight: 1,894 lb (859 kg) Max takeoff weight: 2,802 lb (1271 kg) Maximum speed: 112 mph (180 km/h) Range: 298 miles (480 km) Service ceiling: 18,375 ft (5600 m) Armament: one fixed forward-facing machine-gun one pivoted machine-gin in the rear cockpit Crew: two
In 1915 the Federal Construction Works (Eidgenoessische Konstruktionswerkstaette, K+W) set up their aircraft department at Thun, Switzerland and employed August Häfeli as chief engineer. Häfeli had previously designed the AGO C.I and AGO C.II, German reconnaissance biplanes. His first design was the Häfeli DH-1, similar in concept to his designs for AGO Flugzeugwerke.
The DH-1 reconnaissance biplane was a three-bay biplane of wood and fabric construction, it had a fuselage pod with tandem seating for the two-man crew and twin booms mounting the tail. The DH-1 was powered by an Argus As II engine built under licence by Buhler Brothers Limited. Six aircraft were built for the Swiss Air Force.
Six DH-1s were built during 1916 but within a year three had been destroyed in accidents. The survivors were withdrawn from service in 1919 and scrapped.
Engine: 1 × Argus As II, 120 hp (89 kW) Wingspan: 42 ft 0 in (12.80 m) Wing area: 409.04 ft² (38 m²) Length: 28 ft 11¼in (8.82 m) Height: 9 ft 10 in (3 m) Empty weight: 1,653 lb (750 kg) Max. takeoff weight: 2,480 lb (1125 kg) Maximum speed: 78mph (126 km/h) Range: 155 miles (250 km) Service ceiling: 9,840 ft (3000 m) Crew: two Armament: one 0.293 in (7.45 mm) machine-gun
The Militär-Apparat MA-7, also known as the Häfeli MA-7 and K & W MA-7, was a prototype fighter designed by August Häfeli in Switzerland. It flew in two different engine configurations, neither of which were deemed satisfactory and so the type did not enter series production. However, on 23 April 1926, test pilot Max Cartier did achieve a Swiss record for flying at an altitude of 9,800 metres (32,200 feet) above sea level.
Designed by August Häfeli in response to a Swiss Air Force requirement for an indigenous fighter design, the MA-7 was a biplane of fabric-covered wood construction with N-shaped wing struts like its predecessor the Fokker D.VI of 1918. Ailerons were installed only on the upper wing, which also contained an auxiliary gravity fuel tank. Power was provided by a 300 hp (220 kW) Hispano-Suiza 8Fb HS42 V-8 liquid-cooled engine manufactured in Switzerland under license. The aircraft was built by K & W in 1925 and handed over for trials in February 1926.
The prototype was returned to the manufacturer in April 1926 due to unsatisfactory flight characteristics and performance. K & W responded with the installation of an indigenous 400 hp (300 kW) LFW-12 X-1 engine. This, however, proved too large and heavy for the frame and entire MA-7 project was subsequently discontinued. The Swiss Air Force procured the French Dewoitine D.1 as their replacement fighter instead.
Powerplant: 1 × Hispano-Suiza 8Fb HS-42 V8, , 220 kW (300 hp) Wingspan: 9.91 m (32 ft 6 in) Wing area: 23.75 m2 (255.6 sq ft) Length: 6.61 m (21 ft 8 in) Height: 2.79 m (9 ft 2 in) Empty weight: 843 kg (1,858 lb) Gross weight: 1,213 kg (2,674 lb) Maximum speed: 235 km/h (146 mph, 127 kn) Cruise speed: 255 km/h (158 mph, 138 kn) (econ cruise) Range: 300 km (190 mi, 160 nmi) Service ceiling: 7,600 m (24,900 ft) Rate of climb: 9.2 m/s (1,810 ft/min) Crew: One
The second monoplane designed and built by Slovakian András (Andrej) Kvasz at a Budapest workshop.
First flown in August 1911 by Kvasz, powered by an Anzani 3W, 25 hp, later Anzani 3Y, 35 hp and Austro Daimler, 40 hp, 4-cyl.
On August 30, 1911, with this monoplane, Kvasz won the Sacellár prize. In November 1911 he organized public flights at Szarvas drawing 40,000 spectators. Kvasz, who worked as an engineer for Aladár Zsélyi in Wiener-Neustadt from 1909 on, started to build his own machines in 1911.
A flying replica Me 163B was constructed between 1994 and 1996 by Joseph Kurtz, a former Luftwaffe pilot who trained to fly Me 163s, but who never flew in combat. In 1944-1945 Josef Kurz was in training for Me 163B service, but the end of the war prevented him from flying the real thing.
Construction was started in 1994 in Germany. The replica is an unpowered glider whose shape matches that of an Me 163, although its construction completely differs – the glider is built of wood with an empty weight of 285 kilograms (628 lb), a fraction of the weight of a wartime aircraft. Maximum weight is around 400 kg.
Kurz used a microfilm set of 2500 drawings, which he printed on A3 size. From this set of drawings Kurz developped his own drawings. These are not really suitable for other builders, since they lacked many notes and details. Especially the fuselage was constructed completely different than the original (wood replaced metal). The external shape is similar however. One example were the fuselage frames. The real one has circular frames, covered with skins, to which fairings are added on the top and bottom and sides (wing root fairings). Kurz built frames incorporating these fairings. The new structure was designed and stressed by people of the Oskar Ursinus group. The wing section was Göttingen 765, just like the original. The trouble-prone skid was replaced by a single wheel, with a white skid painted on. The tail wheel is completely faired in, which is different from the original. The rear-view windows are omitted. The flight control system is an exact copy.
Kurz painted his replica Komet in the markings of the most famous Me 163- the Me 163B flown by Erprobungskommando 16 (EK16- an operational test unit) commander Wolfgang Späte on the Komet’s first operational combat mission in 1944. His crew chief had painted the aircraft red in honor of the Baron von Richtofen (the Red Baron). The paint added 40 pounds to the aircraft weight. Späte did not share his crew’s confidence in the aircraft’s performance and ordered it repainted in standard camouflage. No known photos exist of the red Me-163 but was described in detail in Späte’s memoirs. Kurz used the descriptions to replicate the paint job and markings.
Kurz first flew his Komet replica on 18 June 1996 from the airfield at Ziegenhain with the registration D-ESJK. Designating his glider the Me 163BS, Kurz made numerous short test flights before unveiling it at a vintage aircraft fly-in in September 1997. Its last flight in Kurz’s hands was at the Berlin ILA 2000 air show.
Kurz reported that the flying characteristics are excellent. This was also confirmed by another pilot present who had recently flown the aircraft. Stall is extremely gentle, without any rolling. Controls are very well harmonised. Kurz guessed the L/D was around 25 (compared to 17 of the original). Flaps are not installed.
With only five flight hours logged, Kurz sold the replica to EADS (European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company, which then had just been formed as the parent to Airbus Industrie and Eurocopter) in 2000 in a non-airworthy condition for display in the Flugmuseum Messerschmitt at Manching, Bavaria. The aircraft was registered as D-1634 instead of D-ESJK previously. The Komet replica is located at the EADS museum hangar at Ingolstadt-Manching in South Germany.
The Kurz Komet was exhibited at the Musée de l’air et de l’espace at Paris-Le Bourget in 2001. The museum’s agenda, which reports that the exposition opened on 26 October 2001, and is called ‘Exposition Willy Messerschmitt, Ingénieur et pionnier 1898-1977’. The agenda reports that the Museum organises the display with support of EADS. The display consists of two aircraft “that particularly illustrate the carreer of this great engineer, namely a Me 109G and a Me 163”.
From the flight manual, the performance is not really exciting, and this is more or less confirmed by EADS. There were ideas to strenghten the structure, and re-certify it for at least basic aerobatics. A budget was not yet found at that point. EADS took steps to add the Me-163 to the museum’s heritage flight. Additional modifications were made to strengthen the internal structure. The landing skid was modified to allow for better ground handling. The original paint scheme was restored minus the Nazi Swastika that is banned from display in Germany. The aircraft was re-registered as a one-off glider with the civilian registration of D-1636. EADS performed an extensive overhaul and a lot of modifications from 2004 to 2006. The aircraft became quite a different one. Two visible differences are that the triangular rear view windows and Morane antenna have been added.
It made its second maiden flight on 20 June 2006 after which it joined the EADS Heritage Flight fleet at the Flugmuseum Messerschmitt. It appears the permit was obtained as at the 8 July 2006 EADS family day at Ingolstadt-Manching, it was towed into the air by a Do 27 and then made a free flight. Pilot was reported to be Captain Philipp. It was painted as PK+QL with D-1634 is small lettering on the vertical tail and in large lettering under the wing.
By the end of 2010 the replica Komet had flown forty hours. Two pilots with the EADS Heritage Flight were rated in the glider, using a Dornier Do 27 tow plane to get to altitude. Taking 10 minutes to reach 4,000 feet, the Komet is said to be most demanding on the tow line and is much easier to handle in free flight. As the aircraft was optimized for high speed flight, its gliding performance wasn’t on par of purpose-built sport gliders but has nonetheless been a hit at air shows in Europe.
As of 2011, it was still flying with the civil registration D-1636.
Josef Kurz was selected for the Me 163 Komet, did glider training on the Kranich and Habicht, up to the 6 meter Stummelhabicht, but then the war was over. The Stummelhabicht was very special, because the only thing to do after being released from the towplane was to get it down on the runway. Usually you were on the ground before the tow plane.
Josef Kurz doesn’t speak English, but French and Latin are the other options. Mr Kurz (Josef, or ‘Sepp’) built 14 aircraft since 1982, including the following: Udet Flamingo, Habicht, Klemm 25, Reihe, Siebel 202 Hummel, Riesele (3) and SG 38. He built the Komet basically himself.
On public display in 1964 was a light helicopter developed by the Kuibyshev Aviation Institute. It was turbine powered with a 40 hp engine exhausting through tip jets on the rotor. The gross weight was 419 lb and height 5.9 ft. The pilot sits in the open.
An experimental helicopter, built in 1956 by students at the Kuibushevskij Aviatsionnyj Institut. Single-seat machine was powered by pulse-jets attached to the tips of the main rotor blade. Pod and boom fuselage was very basic, pilot was seated in the ‘bare seat’ with control stick hanging from above. The helicopter carried no tail rotor.