BAC HS.1182 Hawk        

Hawk T.1

It is a tandem two seat low wing monoplane powered by a single Rolls Royce/Turbomeca Adour engine of 5,340 lb thrust.

BAC HS.1182 Hawk Article

The Hawker Siddeley P.1182 design was adopted by the RAF for its then new advanced trainer in 1970 and this type first flew in 1971. The single pre-production Hawker Siddeley Hawk (XX154) made the type’s maiden flight at Dunsfold, Surrey on 21 August 1974. A two-seat basic and advanced jet trainer with close support capability, in addition to service with the RAF it has been ordered by the air forces of Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Finland, Kenya, Kuwait, Indonesia and Zimbabwe, and in modified form as the US Navy’s T-45.

175 Adour 151 powered T.ls for the RAF were delivered for advanced and tactical training, beginning on 4 November 1976 with two aircraft for No. 4 FTS at RAF Valley, Anglesey. Subsequently 88 have been modified as Hawk T.lAs for secondary airfield defence duties, by the installation of AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles.
The initial export version was the Hawk 50 Series, sold to Finland (Mk.51, final assembly of 47 by Valmet), Kenya (Mk.52), and Indonesia (Mk.53), powered by the Adour 851 and an increased MTOW. Hawk 60 Series aircraft are equipped with uprated 25.35kN Adour 861 engines and other performance improving modifications. The Hawk 60 Series has been sold to five countries, Zimbabwe (Mk.60), Dubai (Mk.61), Kuwait (Mk.64), and Saudi Arabia (Mk.65).
Primarily for combat missions the two-seat the Hawk Mk.100 is a development of the earlier Hawk Mk.60 advanced jet trainer. A much improved version, with the Rolls-Royce Adour 871 engine of 5,845 lbs of thrust, a revised wing with fixed leading edge droop, full width flaps, optional wingtip missile rails for Sidewinder missiles, an extended nose to house the FLIR camera and a laser range finder, revised avionics and a HUD in the forward cockpit. Equipment includes Singer Kearfott SKN 2416 INS, an advanced Smiths Industries headup display/ aiming computer, optional laser or improved weapons management system, controls, and colour CRT displays in cockpits, all linked by a MIL 1553B digital databus. External load is increased to 3,265kg, and provision is made for carrying an ECM I pod.
By 1988, customers in¬clude Finland, Indonesia, Kenya, Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Switzerland and Zimbabwe; a total of 352 Hawks.
Canada operated 17 Hawk Mk.115s as CT-155s.
The RAAF Mk. 127s are a further development the Hawk. Its three head-down colour CRT multifunction displays in both cockpits and the aircraft display and mission computers provide trainee aircrews and their instructors with a F/A- 18 Hornet style cockpit. Weapons delivery and navigation information is in colour on the displays and the cockpits are functionally considerably “common” to the Hornet, allowing for easy transition to the front-line aircraft later. The Hawk Mk. 127 also has an on board video camera that captures the head-up and head-down visuals, along with sound for subsequent debriefings. The test flight of the first Australian-assembled Hawk (s/n DT-10) took place on 12 May 2000.
The avionics system is integrated via a 1553 multiplex database. The principle components are two display and mission computers (DMCs), which coordinate, process and command the display of information from the communications, navigation and attack sub-systems. Each cockpit has hands-on-throttle-and-stick (HOTAS) controls.
The head-up display (HUD) in the front cockpit and three colour multi-function displays (MFD) in each cockpit present a range of flight information, ranging from aircraft performance and attitude through to equipment status reports. Mission-specific data can be pre-programmed by the pilot and downloaded into the system. Equipment performance, aircraft fatigue and engine life data is monitored and recorded by a health and usage monitoring system (HUMS).
The Hawk 127 armament system provides for the carriage, aiming and release or firing of practice and Mk 82 bombs, AIM-9M Sidewinder missiles and a 30mm cannon. The stores are carried on two wingtip missile stations or pylon-mounted on four underwing and one centreline hardpoints. A 30mm Aden cannon carried in a gunpod can be installed on the centreline station in place of the pylon. Stores are controlled by the integrated stores management system (SMS).
The Hawk through-life support programs have been designed for 25 years service. Its design allows for system upgrades to be incorporated, to reflect evolving training requirements.
The single-seat Hawk 200 series is a multi-role combat version has some 80 per cent airframe commonality with the trainer and uses the same uprated Adour 871 powerplant as the Hawk 100. In the lower fuselage can be fitted one or two 25mm Aden guns, leaving the centreline pylon free for weapons to complement the four underwing pylons. The Hawk 200 has been designed to incorporate a change of nose that can include FLIR, laser rangefinder or APG-66H radar for all-weather operation.
The first pre-production Hawk 200 flew on April 24, 1987, seven days ahead of the schedule set following the loss of the prototype in July 1986. The pre-production Hawk flew on August 21, 1974, and the aircraft has been produced in several versions. The Hawk 2 multirole combat aircraft, which first flew May 19, 1986, is powered by a 26kN Adour 871, and has an internal armament of two 25mm Aden I guns in a new front fuselage. The redesigned nose can also house sensors such as a rangefinder, forward looking infrared, or a multimode radar.

On 7 April 1989 U-1251 became the first BAe Hawk Mk.66 advanced trainer to be delivered to the Swiss Air Force.

Gallery

Hawker Siddeley Hawk
Engine: Rolls-Royce/Turbomeca Adour Mk. 151, 5,340 lb.
Top speed: 535 kts.
Service ceiling: 44,000ft.
Landing speed: 100 kts.
Wingspan: 30ft 10in.
Length: 39ft 2in.
Height: 14ft 5in.
Crew: 2

Hawk 60
Engine: 1 x R-R/Turbomeca Adour 861.
Installed thrust: 25.4 kN.
Span: 9.4 m.
Length: 11.9 m.
Wing area: 16.7 sq.m.
Empty wt: 3635 kg.
MTOW: 8570 kg.
Warload: 3100 kg.
Max speed: 1065 kph.
Initial ROC: 2835 m / min.
Ceiling: 15,000+ m.
T/O run: 550 m.
Ldg run: 488 m.
Fuel internal: 1750 lt.
Range/Endurance: 2400 km / 4+ hr.
Combat radius: 500-1100 km.
Armament: 1 x 30 mm, 2 x AAM.
Hardpoints: 4/5.

Hawk T.Mk 1
Engine: one 5,340 lb thrust Rolls Royce/Turbomeca RT.172 06 11 Adour Mk 151 turbofan.
Wing span: 30 ft 9.75 in (9.39 m).
Length: 11.8 m / 38 ft 9 in
Height: 4.1 m / 13 ft 5 in
Wing area: 16.7 sq.m / 179.76 sq ft
Take-off weight: 5443 kg / 12000 lb
Empty weight: 3379 kg / 7449 lb
Max speed: 621 mph (1,000 km/h).
Ceiling: 12000 m / 39350 ft
Range w/max.fuel: 2780 km / 1727 miles
Payload: 5,660 lb (2,567 kg).
Armament: 1 x 30mm cannon
Crew: 2

Mk.100
Engine: Rolls-Royce Adour 871, 5,845 lbs thrust

Hawk 102D

Hawk 127
Crew: Pilot (instructor) and student
Engine: 1 x Rolls-Royce Turbomeca Adour Mk 871
Length: 11.95m
Height: 4.08m
Wingspan: 9.39m
Weight: 5443kg
Speed: 1207km/h
Range: 1207km
Ceiling: 50,000 feet

Hawk 200
Engine: 1 x R-R / Turbomeca Adour 871.
Installed thrust (dry): 26 kN.
Span: 9.39 m.
Length: 11.38 m.
Height : 13.451 ft / 4.1 m
Wing area : 179.759 sq.ft / 16.7 sq.m
Wing load : 105.78 lb/sq.ft / 516.0 kg/sq.m
Weight empty : 9100.0 lb / 4127.0 kg
MTOW: 9101 kg.
Max. payload weight : 7697.7 lb / 3491.0 kg
Max speed: Mach 1.2 / 560 kts / 1037 kph.
Initial ROC: 11417 ft/min / 58.00 m/s
Service ceiling : 50000 ft / 15240 m
T/O run: 1585 m.
Ldg run: 854 m.
Landing speed : 106 kts / 197 kph
Combat radius hi-lo-hi: 1072 km.
Fuel internal: 1704 lt.
Air refuel: No.
Armament: 2 x 25 mm Aden / 27mm Mauser
Hard points: 5

BAe EAP

EAP is a single-seat aircraft with a compound-sweep delta wing and an all-moving canard. Power is provided by twin reheated RB.199 turbofans fed by chin intakes. The contract for the design, development, and construction of the demonstrator was signed in May 1983.

Prototype EAP October 1985
Prototype EAP October 1985

The EAP technology demonstrator aircraft exceeded Mach 1.1 on its first flight on August 8, 1986. Produced by British Aerospace in collaboration with several industrial partners, including Aeritalia, MBB, Rolls-Royce, Dowty, Ferranti, and GEC, the EAP has received financial support from the UK Government. Intended to demonstrate a complete weapons system for the 1990s, the EAP incorporates many advanced-technology features, including the extensive use of carbon-fibre structures, advanced aerodynamics, digital fly-by-wire with relaxed stability, a digital databus, and an integrated electronic cockpit.

EAP RB.199 engine
EAP first flight

Gallery

EAP
Engines: 2 x Turbo-Union RB 199-34R Mk, 40.0-75.7kN
Take-off weight: 14515 kg / 32000 lb
Empty weight: 10000 kg / 22046 lb
Wingspan: 11.77 m / 38 ft 7 in
Length: 17.72 m / 58 ft 2 in
Height: 5.70 m / 18 ft 8 in
Wing area: 51.66 sq.m / 556.06 sq ft
Max. speed: 2M
Crew: 1

BAe 1000

British Aerospace’s new BAe 1000, derived from the BAe 125 800, made its first flight in June 1990 from Chester. The BAe 1000 is billed as an intercontinental range, mid sized, corporate jet.
The most obvious visual difference compared with the 125 Srs 800 is the lengthened fuselage with a more prominent external ventral fairing containing more fuel, stretched in size (84cm) as well as range (by 21 percent to 3635 nm). The cabin is deeper and there is space for a maximum of 15 in high density seating.

Engines: 2 x Pratt & Whitney Canada PW305 turbofans, 5,200 lb st (23,13 kN).

British Aerospace BAe 146 / Avro RJ

BAe 146

Hawker Siddeley announced their plans for a short-range, quiet airliner powered by four small turbo-fans in August 1973, the 146. But, with the economic recession in Britain that fol¬lowed shortly after, the HS. 146 project became “unjusti¬fiable” and was dropped. It was re-launched five years later when Hawker Siddley became British Aerospace (BAe).

British Aerospace BAe 146 / Avro RJ Article

Design of the BAe-146 included 15 rows of five-abreast seating, and it was powered by four Textron Lycoming ALF502R-5 high bypass turbofan engines of 6,970 lbs of thrust.
The British Aerospace 146 first flew at Hatfield on 3 September 1981, flown by chief test pilot Michael Goodfellow and Peter Sedgwick, and two flight test observers. At the time of the first flight, which lasted 95 minutes, BAe reported that it had 35 aircraft “earmarked for customers”.

BAe 146-100 VH-NJA – the fourth built

The -200 development production model flew on 1 August 1982. The main point of difference between the -200 and the-100 was the increased fuselage length of the -200 by 2.40m to 28.60m. The type was granted certification on 4 February 1983, and production went ahead, with assembly of the BAe-146 beginning at Hartford and later expanding to Woodford.
Annual production of the airliner reached 40 aircraft, and one of the first operators of the type was Dan-Air in Britain, which began operations with it in May 1983.
QT Quiet Trader and QC convertible versions with side-opening freight doors were also available. The QT suffix under¬lines a marketing ploy; “Quiet Trader”. The 200QT combines the wide door introduced on the freighter versions with interior trim appropriate to the passenger role and has a within one hour turnaround between roles; providing either 94 seats or room for six freight pallets.
The prototype QC had made its debut at the 1989 Paris Air Show. With a strengthened floor that enable pallets of up to 4000 lbs (1.815 tonnes) providing a possible gross payload of 10.05 tonnes to be shifted, with a 42.184 tonne MAUW permitted.
The name Statesman refers to VIP-furnished variants for military or civil customers.
The 146STA was the first dedicated military variant to reach demonstrator status, in the form of the original Srs 100 No 2 modified, by Hayes International, to incorporate a 131in/3.33m by 76in / 1.93m side-loading cargo door. The 146STA made its first flight in the USA on 8 August 1988 and featured a single air-openable (outwards and forward) parachuting door immediately behind the main freight door. A strengthened floor can take up to 7000 lb / 3175 kg single pallets and a total load of 22,300 lb / 10,115 kg.

BAe-146STA

A further development, the BAe 146-300, made its first flight on 1 May 1987 and certification was granted on 6 September 1988. This had its fuselage lengthened again to 30.99m, seating around 90 passengers five abreast, and an upgraded “glass” cockpit, but the power plant remained the same.

The -300 prototype was a modification of the original -100 prototype, then followed by a development aircraft, G-OASF, that first flew on 22 June 1988. Flight testing led to the development of a flap/trim compensation unit to cater for the increased tail arm of the -300, and an increase in max operating speed to M 0.72, but M 0.73 in the USA. Limiting airspeed remained at 295 kt / 546 kph IAS. It was certified at 93,000 lb / 42, 185 kg, like the Srs 200, but was likely to increase.

Late in 1990, BAe offered the first of an improved series called the RJ70, and this was followed over the next two years with the RJ80, the RJ85 and, in May 1992, the RJ100. The RJ-100 (G-IRJX) first flying on 23 Sept 2001. However, the RJX programme was eventually closed, marking the end of commercial jet airliner production in Britain. In all, a total of 380 BAe-146s were produced and the type has been in worldwide service.

Avro RJ85 OO-DJQ (c/n E2289) ex – G-6-289 / G-CHDO / UR-CKH

The first of 5 Air Lingus Bae 146-300s entered service on 25 April 1995.

Gallery

BAe 146-100
Engines: Four Avco Lycoming ALF 502R-3 turbofans, 6,700 lb st (3 040 kgp) for take-off.
Fuel capacity: 2,540 Imp gal (11540 lt)
Optional fuel: 300 Imp gal (1364 lt)
Design Vmo/Mmo, 310 kts (574 km/h)
CAS, M0.70 above 22,000 ft (6 705 in)
Typical high cruise speed, 419 kts (775 km/h)
Still air range with basic 82-pax payload, 730 nm (1352 km)
Range with max payload and std fuel, 510 nm (946 km)
Range with max payload and increased gross weight 1,100 nm (2037 km)
Range with optional increased tankage, 1,550 nm (2871 km) with 13,000 lb (5 900 kg) payload
Balanced take-off field length, 3,600 ft (1097 m), ISA at sea level.
Typical operating weight empty, 45,570 lb (20 670 kg)
Max take-off weight, 74,600 lb (33840 kg)
Optional (-00RR) increased gross weight version, 80,750 lb (36628 kg)
Max landing weight, 71,850 lb (32590 kg)
Max zero fuel weight, 63,250 lb (28 690 kg).
Span, 86 ft 5 in (26,34 m)
Length, 85 ft 10 in (26,16 m)
Height, 28 ft 3 in (8,61 m)
Gross wing area, 832 sq ft (77,3 sq.m)
Aspect ratio, 8.97:1
Sweepback, 15 deg at quarter chord
Undercarriage track, 15 ft 6 in (4,72 m)
Wheelbase, 33 ft 11 in (10,1 m)
Flight crew: two
Max seating, one-class, 93 pax six abreast at 29-in (74-cm) pitch
Standard seating, 82 at 33-in (84-cm) pitch
Underfloor baggage/cargo compartments volumes 258 cu ft (7,30 cu.m) front / 242 cu ft (6,85 cu.m) rear

BAe 146-200
Engines: Four Avco Lycoming ALF 502R-3 turbofans, 6,700 lb st (3 040 kgp) for take-off.
Fuel capacity, 2,540 Imp gal (11540 lt)
Optional fuel 300 Imp gal (1364 lt)
Design VMO/MMO, 300 kts (557 km/h)
CAS, 100M = 0. 70 above 23,750 ft (7 240 m)
Typical high cruise speed, 419 kts (775 km/h)
Sill-air range with basic pax payload, 1200 nm (2 223 km)
Range with max payload and std fuel, 1,080 nm (2 000 km)
Range optional fuel and 19,000-1b (8 618-k.g) payload, 1380 nm (2 556 km)
Balanced take-off field length, ISA at sea level, 5,000 ft (1520 m)
Typical operating weight empty, 45,570 lb (20 670 kg)
Max take-off, 88,250 lb (40030 kg)
Max landing weight, 77,000 lb (34927 kg)
Max zero fuel weight, 69,250 lb (31411 kg)
Span, 86 ft 5 in (26,34 m)
Length, 93 ft 8 in (28,55 m)
Height, 28 ft 3 in (8,61 m)
Gross wing area, 832 sq ft (77,3 cu.m)
Aspect ratio, 8.97:1
Sweepback, 15 deg at quarter chord
Undercarriage track, 15 ft 6 in (4,72 m)
Wheelbase, 36 ft 9 in (11,20 m)
Flight crew: two
Max seating, one-class, 109 pax six abreast at 29-in (74-cm) pitch
Standard seating, 100 at 33-in (84cm) pitch.
Underfloor baggage/cargo capacity, 660 cu ft (18,69 cu.m).

BAe 146 200 II QC
Engines: 4 x Avco Lycoming ALF502R-5, 6970 lb thrust.
MAUW: 42.184 tonne.

BAe 146 III
Engines: 4 x Textron Lycoming LF507, 7000 lb thrust.

BAe J41 Jetstream

Jetstream 4102

Development work on the Jetstream 41 was announced in mid-1989. A stretched development of the Jetstream 31/32 regional aircraft family by BAE Systems, the J41’s structural changes included an increase of 4.88m in length of the semi-monocoque aluminium alloy fuselage. The fuselage stretch is througha 2.51-m forward plug and a 2.36-m stretch behind the wing. The increase in length allows for 29 passenger seats, compared with the 19 typically fitted to the J31. The wingspan has been increased to 18.29 m, the ailerons and flaps have been reworked, and the entire wing has been mounted lower on the fuselage to remove the spar from the interior cabin floor. This led to a redesign of the engine mounts to increase ground clearance for the McCauley propellers, and the distance between the fuselage and the engines has also been increased. As a result, the cabin is quieter than the J31. The fuel system consists of two integral wing tanks and has the capacity for 5,818 lb (2,639 kg) of Jet Al. Both the main undercarriage and the nose gear are forward retracting and are fitted with twin wheels. Anti-skid three-rotor steel brakes are also installed.

Bae J41 Jetstream Article

The J41 is designed to operate to and from runways as short as 1219m. The aircraft can operate from a runway at 5,000 ft elevation at temperatures of ISA +20 with a full load for at least a one-hour sector with IFR reserves.
Four “glass” screens of the Honeywell EDZ-805 EFIS (electronic flight instrument system) grace the cockpit and the flight deck instrumentation also includes a Honeywell SPZ-4500 fully digital automatic flight control system with an AH-600 attitude and heading reference system (AHRS), an AZ-810 air data computer and a Honeywell Primus II digital radio communications system with dual transponders.
The J41 first flew on 25 September 1991 and 104 J41 aircraft were built before production was terminated in May 1997. Over 90 Jetstream 41s world¬wide remained operational in 2003.

Gallery

Engines: 2 x Honeywell (formerly Allied Signal) TPE331-14GR/HR turboprop, 1650 shp.
Props: five-bladed, constant speed McCauley 114 in (2.9m).
MTOW: 24,000 lb (10,886 kg).
Max ldg wt: 23,300 lbs (10,569 kg).
Max Zero fuel wt: 21,400 lbs (9707 kg).
Operating empty wt: 14,957 lbs (6784 kg).
Max payload: 6900 lbs (3130 kg).
Maximum cruise: 295 knots.
Range: 770 nm.
Seats: 30.
Wing span: 60 ft 5 in (19.25 m).
Length: 63 ft 2 in (19.25m).
Height: 18 ft 10 in (5.74m).
Cabin lenght: 31 ft 4 in (9.55m).
Cabin height: 5 ft 10 in (1.78m).
Cabin width: 6 ft 1 in (1.85m).
Max cabin differential: 5.7 psi.
Sea level cabin alt: 12,000 ft.
Cabin alt @ 26,000 ft: 8,000 ft.
Fuel cap: 5,818 lb (2,639 kg).
Serv¬ice ceiling: 26,000 ft.

British Aerospace / BAe

Nationalized enterprise, founded in April 1977, uniting British Aircraft Corporation, Hawker Siddeley Aviation, Hawker Siddeley Dynamics and Scottish Aviation. Companies retained their identities initially, but subsequently became divisions of British Aerospace. Many aircraft of former constituent companies continued as BAe products, initially under old company names, although former British Aerospace Corporate Jets division sold to Raytheon of the U.S.A. in August 1993 (becoming Raytheon Corporate Jets), thereby losing the Hawker bizjets.
BAe reorganized into new business units, namely Defence, Commercial Aerospace and British Aerospace Regional Aircraft Ltd. (BARAL), which is the structure in 1999, with additional organizations for international marketing and sales, spares and logistics, Jetstream Aircraft Ltd. (offers engineering management for Jetstream customers), etc. Commercial Aerospace division encompasses British Aerospace Airbus (working on Airbus airliner programs), and British Aerospace Asset Management. British Aerospace Regional Aircraft Ltd. (BARAL) encompasses Avro International Aerospace (producing RJ airliners), plus Jetstream Aircraft, and Spares & Logistics Center.

Military aircraft activities, some as continuations of programs begun by pre-BAe companies, included the Hawk basic/advanced jet trainer and light attack aircraft, with air defense capabilities (first flown August 1974 and sales continuing in Hawk 50/60/100 two-seat and Hawk 200 series single-seat versions); development/upgrading/production of STOVL Sea Harrier F/A Mk 2 for Royal Navy; joint development and production with Boeing in the U.S.A. (formerly McDonnell Douglas) of land-based STOVL Harrier II (first flown November 1981) and Harrier II Plus (first flown September 1992) plus T-45 Goshawk carrier-capable jet trainer for U.S. Navy (Hawk variant); share of the Eurofighter program; share of the Tornado program; share of the Jaguar program; development and rework of existing Nimrod maritime patrol aircraft into Nimrod 2000 form for RAF service as MRA Mk 4s from the year 2003 (first flight 1999; program involves more than 200 British companies and some foreign suppliers).
Civil aircraft activities included continued marketing and production of the Avro RJ family of 70- to 128- seat short-range regional airliners and freighters (developed from the previous BAe 146; RJ85 first flew March 1992). Manufacture of the Jetstream 31 (first flown March 1982 in production form) and Super 31 (April 1988), Jetstream 41 (September 1991), ATP (August 1986, as development of former HS/BAe 748) and its derivative Jetstream 61 (1994, but none sold), ended in 1998.

A merger with GEC-Marconi Avionics Ltd. was being finalised in 1999.

Brenning B-Liner

Mr. Orin Z. Brenning started work on his B-Liner push/pull two-seater in 1970 and the aircraft was completed in 1986 with the first flight taking place on 31 July of that year, registered N285TT. The aircraft featured a mixed wood, steel, composites construction and was purely intended for personal use, so no plans/kits were made available.

Engines: two 85hp Continental C85-12
Wingspan: 34ft
Length: 23.667ft
Height: 8.254ft.
Max. speed: 158mph
Cruise: 144mph
ROC: 1,400ft/minute
Ceiling: 13,000ft
Range: 420 miles