The prototype XIVW. This two‑seater floatplane was designed for the Naval Air Service as a successor to the C.VIIW and 24 were delivered before the outbreak of World War Two.
Fokker C.XIV
1 engine
Fokker C.XI
Fokker D.XXI
Designed in 1935 by a team led by Dr-Ir Erich Schatzki and retaining traditional Fokker-type mixed construction, the D XXI was in answer to a specification for the KNIL (Koninklijk Nederlands Indisch Leger). The East Indies Army had requested a fixed undercarriage.
Ten days before the first flight of the D.XXI, Colijn, Minister for Colonial Affairs, announced that no fighters would be purchased for the Dutch East Indies, and that instead bombers were to be bought in America. Col Best thought the D.XXI too slow, and did not like the fixed undercarriage.
The intended powerplant was the 650 hp Rolls Royce liquid cooled Kestrel V type engine, but when the prototype first flew on March 27, 1936, from Welschap airfield near Eindhoven, it utilized a 645 hp Bristol Mercury VIS radial engine. The initial production order was placed by the Finnish government, which acquired a manufacturing licence, a contract subsequently being issued in the Netherlands on behalf of the homebased LVA (Luchtvaartafdeling).
The D.XXI was a low wing monoplane, with enclosed cockpit and fixed, spatted undercar¬riage. It had a 350 litre (77 Imp gal) fuel tank behind the engine and supplementary tanks could be installed in the wings.
The D.XXI construction was, the fuselage and tailplane of welded steel tubing covered with and a wooden wing.
After an intensive testing programme 36 D.XXIs were ordered for the Aviation Department in the summer of 1937. These were to be powered by 830 hp Bristol Mercury VII or VIII engines, and armed with two 7.92 mm (0.312 in) FN Browning machine guns in the wings and two firing through the propeller disc. Delivery began on July 20, 1928, and the last aircraft arrived for service one week after Germany invaded Poland, on September 8, 1939. Twenty nine of this batch, equipping the 1st, 2nd and 5th Fighter Groups of the LVA, were serviceable when Holland was invaded. They acquitted themselves well, but had to be grounded after only three days fighting, due to lack of ammunition.
During 1937 the Finnish government purchased seven D.XXIs (Mercury VIII engined), delivery flights commencing 27 August 1937, and 93 were manufactured in Fin¬land under licence between 1939 44 by VL (Valtion Lentokonetehdas). Thirty ¬eight of these were 840hp Mercury VII engined (PZL- or Tampella-built) and 4 machine guns for armament (maximum speed was 460kph); the remainder were redesigned in Finland to accept 825 hp Pratt & Whitney R 1535 SB4G engines, and had all four guns relocated in the wings.
Two D XXIs were purchased by Denmark which subsequently licence-built a further 10 with the Mercury VIII engine. These mounting a pair of 20mm Madsen cannon and two 7.9mm machine guns. These were in service when Denmark was invaded in 1940, one being experimen¬tally equipped with two 20 mm (0.79 in) Mad¬sen cannon in underwing blisters; the others were armed with two 8 mm (0.315 in) DISA machine guns in the upper front fuselage.
Licence manufacture was also initiated in Spain by Hispano Aviacion, assembly being undertaken at the SAF-15 factory at La Rabasa, Alicante. At least one D XXI was completed and flown in Spain with a Soviet M-25 engine taken from an I-16 before the production facility was overrun by Nationalist forces. At that time, 50 sets of wings, 25 fuselages and 25 undercarriages for D XXIs were discovered. The D XXI was offered by Fokker with various engines, including the Pratt & Whitney Twin Wasp Junior, and the basic D XXI was further developed with this engine in Finland by VL. The last Finnish-built Mercury-engined D XXI was fitted with a Finnish-designed retractable undercarriage after suffering a landing accident. It was test flown on 19 June 1941, the fixed gear being restored after another landing accident a month later.
The Finnish state owned aircraft factories fitted two D.XXIs with retractable undercarriages. This modifica¬tion was much too expensive and radical in view of the advantages gained, and was not pursued. The Finns installed extra glaz¬ing behind the cockpit to improve the view. After The Second World War the D.XXI served with the flying training school until 1948.
Max take-off weight: 2 050 kg / 4519 lb
Empty weight: 1450 kg / 3197 lb
Wingspan: 11.00 m / 36 ft 1 in
Length: 8.20 m / 26 ft 11 in
Height: 2.95 m / 9 ft 8 in
Wing area: 16.sq.m / 174.38 sq ft
Max. speed: 460 km/h / 286 mph
Range: 930 km / 578 miles
Fokker C.X
This two seat biplane had wooden wings, and fuselage of welded steel tube covered with fabric. Owing to the prolonged success of the C.V family the C.X did not fly until 1934. The C.X was considerably devel-oped over the three years to 1937.
Early batches were for the East Indies Army Air Service, followed by modified machines for the home LVA (Luchtvaart¬afdeling) with tailwheels and braked main wheels and the last 15 having enclosed cock-pits. All Dutch aircraft had a 650 hp Rolls¬Royce Kestrel V imported from Britain, and were armed with two 7.92 mm syn¬chronized machine guns with a third aimed by the observer. Underwing racks could carry two 175 kg (385 1b) or four 100 kg (22 1¬lb) bombs. Provision was made for army co¬operation radio, camera and other optional equipment. Ten were still serviceable on May 10, 1940, and saw immediate action in the sub¬sequent three days.
Finland imported four examples with the 835 hp Bristol Pegasus XXI radial, which despite considerably greater warload increased maximum speed to 343 km/h (212 mph). Four C.X’s had been purchased as “pattern” aircraft in 1934 along with a manufacturing license and the Ilmavoimat had ordered a further 20 from VL, who built the C.X aircraft over the last half of 1934 through to mid-1935. A further 20 were built through 1935 and early 1936 but with the move of VL to Tampere and the startup of Fokker D.XXI and Bristol Blenheim manufacturing, production was discontinued as the emphasis was placed on the construction of more modern aircraft. In early 1938, the Ilmavoimat briefly considered resurrecting the C.X for the Army Co-operation role. After an initial review, the aircraft was not considered further.
Valtion Lentokonetehdas (VL), the state owned factory at Tampere, Finland, built 35 Pegasus engined C.Xs and 93 D.XXIs under license from 1937 to 1944. The last five were built in 1942.
The last C.X crashed on January 25th, 1958.
Span: 12.0 m (39 ft 4 in)
Length: 9.2 m (30 ft 2 in)
Gross weight: 2250 kg (4960 lb)
Maximum speed: 320 kph (199 mph)
Valtion Lentokonetehdas (VL) C.X
Engine: Bristol Pegasus XXI, 835 hp
Maximum speed: 211 mph
Range: 522 miles
Service ceiling: 27,230 ft
Armament: 2 x 7.9 mm machine guns fixed on top of the front fuselage / 1 x 7.9 mm machine gun rear cockpit
Bombload: Underwing racks for two 385lb (175kg) or four 221lb (100kg) bombs
Fokker D.XVII
The D.XVII was the last biplane to be built by Fokker, and the first design to be executed under the guidance of Mr Beeling. The first flight in 1931 of another D.XVI prototype, fitted with a Curtiss Conqueror V-1570 engine, was with the object of finding a D.VII replacement for the Dutch East Indies army air service, but no orders were forthcoming. In 1932 it reappeared, with some modifications, as a new prototype designated D.XVII.
With a number of aerodynamic refinements while retaining the basic structure of the earlier fighter and its armament of two 7.92mm M.36 machine guns, ten production examples were ordered by the LVA. The 595 hp Rolls-Royce Kestrel IIS 12-cylinder liquid-cooled engine was selected as the standard power plant and deliveries commencing in October 1932.
The ninth and tenth aircraft were respectively and temporarily powered by the 790hp Lorraine-Dietrich Petrel 12Hfrs and the 690 hp Hispano-Suiza 12Xbrs, both eventually reverting to standard Kestrel-engined configuration. The Conqueror-engined prototype was shipped to the Netherlands East Indies for KNIL evaluation, being shipped back to Holland in 1936 after a crash, and then being rebuilt and delivered to the LVA. Relegated to the fighter training role prior to World War II, the seven surviving D XVII fighters saw some limited operational use during the Wehrmacht invasion of the Netherlands.
Max take-off weight: 1480 kg / 3263 lb
Empty weight: 1070 kg / 2359 lb
Wingspan: 9.60 m / 31 ft 6 in
Length: 7.25 m / 23 ft 9 in
Height: 3.10 m / 10 ft 2 in
Wing area: 20.00 sq.m / 215.28 sq ft
Maximum speed: 335 km/h (208 mph) at 4000m
Range: 600 km / 373 miles
Fokker D.XVI
Since the Luchtvaar¬tafdeling (Netherlands air force) had rejected the D.XI and D.XIII designs, by the late 1920s it was in desperate need of a more modern fighter to replace the now ageing D.VIIs.
In 1928 the D.XVI was developed from a Fokker design (D.XV/D.XVa). It first flew in 1929, powered by a 450 hp Armstrong/Siddeley Jaguar engine.
The D XVI single-seat unequal-span biplane was powered by a 460hp Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar 14-cylinder air-cooled radial fitted with Townend rings and flew for the first time in 1929. Possessing a fabric-covered, welded, steel-tube fuselage and ply-and-fabric-covered wooden wings, it was armed with two synchronised 7.92mm machine guns in the upper front fuselage.
The D XVI was ordered by the LVA, 14 aircraft being delivered to that service, these having split-axle undercarriages rather than the crossaxle type of the prototype.
At first the D.XVI s 460 hp Jaguar engine usually seized up after a few hours. This problem became so widespread that the air¬craft were only permitted to fly in the vicinity of their own field, and long climbs were forbid¬den. Finally the factory (technical services) located at Soesterberg reduced away the pistons and solved the problem, though the D.XVI now used ten litres of oil per hour. Of the 15 ordered by the Aviation Department, five crashed within a short space of time and the other ten flew without mishap. One D XVI was subsequently re-engined with a Bristol Mercury radial for aerobatic display purposes.
Four Jupiter engined D.XVIs were sold to Hungary, and one was built for Italy but later sold to China.
Another was fitted with a Curtiss Conqueror engine for the Royal Dutch East Indies Army, and a further D XVI was built with a Curtiss V-1570 Conqueror 12-cylinder water-cooled engine to meet a KNIL (Koninklijk Nederlandslndisch Leger) requirement, although no production order was placed for this version.
Max take-off weight: 1400 kg / 3086 lb
Empty weight: 990 kg / 2183 lb
Wingspan: 9.40 m / 30 ft 10 in
Length: 7.20 m / 23 ft 7 in
Height: 2.70 m / 8 ft 10 in
Wing area: 18.50 sq.m / 199.13 sq ft
Max. speed: 330 km/h / 205 mph
Range: 640 km / 398 miles
Fokker C.IX
The C.IX was a heavier version of the C.VE. Five were delivered to the Aviation Department and one to Switzerland.
The naval scout seaplane C.XIW appeared in 1935.
Fokker F.XIV
The three engined F.XIV/3m was the passenger carrying version of the F.XIV.
Fokker C.VIII
The three seater C.VIII reconnaissance/bomber was the response to a request from the Aviation Department to make a larger reconnaissance aircraft than ever before.
The Dutch Naval Air Service purchased nine C.VIIIWs, which had three man crews.
Fokker C.VII
The C.VIIW seaplane was built for reconnaissance and advanced training. Fokker built 30, all of which were delivered to the Naval Air Service.
