In 1923, the HP.22/23 motor glider was designed by W.H.Sayers, three were entered for the Lympne light aeroplane competitions of that year. The first, No.23, was initially powered by a pylon mounted air cooled 397cc ABC flat twin. It failed to fly, even when repowered with a 500 cc Douglas. Attempted catapult launches by four men pulling a rubber cord also failed and No.23 was scratched from the competition.
Frederick Handley Page on his first experimental glider.
Soon after publication of Jose Weiss’s flexible wing patent (No. 17150) on 14 August, 1908, Handley Page began building his canard glider, with the help of his first employee, Tucker, and his first two premium pupils, Cyril W. Meredith and Arthur Dukinfield Jones.
Tucker on the first glider at Creekmouth in 1909.
With this apparatus he hoped to emulate the Wright brothers by teaching himself to fly. His attempts to take off from the sloping dykes adjoining Barking Creek were unsuccessful, but at least he learned the necessity for a long skid to bridge the many ditches lying in wait to trip and break an unprotected wheeled chassis; these would have been fatal to an unguarded airscrew.
Born at Cranham Villa, Kings Road, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, on November 15, 1885, Frederick Handley was the second son of Frederick Joseph Page and his Wife Arm Eliza, nee Handley. He always used the combination of “Handley Page”. A Cheltenham Grammar School report of 1896 placed him first in his class of 13 boys. He then studied electrical engineering at Finsbury Technical College, and in 1906 became chief designer for electrical machinery manufacturers Johnson & Phillips.
Already interested in mechanical flight, Frederick began experimenting with model gliders and ornithopters, eventually being invited to assist Maj R.F. Moore ,on the “Wings Committee” of the Aeronautical Society of Great Britain (ASGB). In 1908 he was introduced to landscape artist Jose Weiss, who had patented a wing of distinctive shape, but Weiss was no engineer, so his gliders were rather crude. On June 10, 1908, FHP joined the Weiss Aeroplane & Launcher Syndicate. While still at Johnson & Phillips he instituted some unauthorised aeronautical work using the factory track, but his employers took a dim view of this and dismissed him. Undeterred, FHP set up an office in a shed in Woolwich, even taking a stand at the Olympia Aero & Motor Boat Show in 1909, featuring the Weiss gliders and his own canard glider, of better construction but having the Weiss patent wing. He attempted to fly this from marshlands near Barking Creek, Dagenham, but without success. He was also manufacturing Weiss propellers and supplying small parts to budding aeronautical engineers and experimenters.
Frederick floated his new business as a private company on June 17, 1909, registering “Handley Page Ltd” for the express purpose of the design and manufacture of aircraft at Berking Creek, Essex. He always claimed that his was the first such company in the UK, but by this time Short Bros was well established as an aeroplane manufacturer. However, Short Bros was a partnership, not a company.
The first Handley Page factory were some wooden huts on the banks of the Thames at Barking, operating from 1909 to 1912. The company’s aerodrome was a playing field at Fairlop.
Handley Page factory 1911
In September 1912, the H.P. works moved to 20,000 sq.ft of converted riding stables in Cricklewood, north London.
Handley Page Cricklewood 1949
From Cricklewood, final assembly and flying was done from Radlett.
Until the start of the First World War the young company built very few aircraft.
As soon as civil aviation was permitted after the war’s end, FHP formed his own airline, using converted O/400 bombers and flying to France and the Netherlands. It was taken over by Imperial Airways in 1924. He also exported six aircraft to China. A big coup was his acquisition, using a company called the Aircraft Disposal Co Ltd, of some 10,000 government surplus military airframes, 30,000 engines and a huge amount of stores, in 1920. At the end of World War One orders and military work ceased abruptly. FHP weathered the ensuing lean years remarkably well, with a minimal staff. Volkert and his assistant, S.T.A. Richards, produced an inspired series of designs comprising different fuselages combined with a standard set of biplane wings and tail. This was the “W” series of airliners and bombers, built throughout the decade. They also introduced air-cooled engines and metal structures. 24 October 1919 Patent No 157567 is issued for the HP slotted wing.
During the rearmament programme of the mid-1930s the company developed modern monoplane wings for its stopgap Harrow aircraft, and also started designing for dispersed production of components with final “flowline” assembly. The H.R 52 Hampden medium bomber continued this principle, and was the first H.R aircraft to have a retractable undercarriage. Two-thirds of the Hampdens produced were built by other firms. Despite his strong and prescient urging for a change in bombing policy, from large bombers with heavy and draggy defensive armament to smaller unarmed bombers relying on high speed, Volkert designed the Halifax to an Air Ministry specification. Neither the span limitation of less than 100 ft nor the use of watercooled engines were to his liking, and only when Bristol Hercules engines and increased span were introduced in 1942-43 did the aircraft became competitive with the Avro Lancaster. Nevertheless, the “Halibag” proved capable of operation in all theatres, particularly the Far East. The parent firm built only 1,590 of the 6,177 produced, the rest being made in “shadow” factories.
Handley Page (Reading) Ltd was formed on 5 July 1948 to take over Miles Aircraft Ltd of Woodley for production of Marathon four-engined feederliner aircraft.
Handley Page (Reading) produced the aircraft as a navigational trainer for the RAF, and also as a short-haul airliner. The Reading-based company was also responsible for development of the HPR.3 Herald airliner, which flew initially with four piston engines in 1955, and was subsequently manufactured with two Rolls-Royce turbines as the Dart Herald.
January 1951
Sir Frederick died on April 21, 1962
The Handley Page company had completed the move of its headquarters from Cricklewood to its aerodrome at Radlett by 1966. It had facilities at Radlett and at Cricklewood for the manufacture and assembly of major components and the erection of complete aircraft. Total floor space available to the company was 971400 sq.ft and it employed some 4000 people.
Test facilities include a structural test rig for any specimen or structure up to 120 ft long by 70 ft wide and 26 ft high with a total applied load capacity of up to 400 tons; fatigue test equipment for 100 ton fluctuating load; water pressure tanks and a range of equipment for standard mechanical environmental, pneumatic and hydraulic tests, chemical and photoelastic analysis, metallography and radiography, and high- and low-speed wind tunnels. The aerodrome, which occupies more than 400 acres, has two paved runways, the longest being 6990 ft.
Directors of the Handley-Page company in 1966 were Air Chief Marshal Sir Walter Dawson, chairman; J. H. S. Green, managing director; C. F. Joy, chief designer; R. S. Stafford, technical director; G. C. D. Russell; S. L. Hastings; and E. Manley Walker. Senior executives are E. W. Pickston, general works manager; D. F Corbett, works manager at Radlett; K. Pratt chief engineer; E. P. Hessey, sales manager; J. Duthie, secretary; J. W. Allam, chief test pilot; and S. A. H. Scuffham, public relations manager.
The major sources of revenue of the company were aircraft sales, sub-contract manufacture, design and test facilities, aircraft overhaul, aviation equipment, domestic and industrial heating and ventilation equipment, food and chemical processing plant, and factory airconveyance installations. The factories were engaged on military contracts in connection with the conversion of Victor bombers, production and overhaul of the Herald, and the design and development of its new 8/18-seater HP137 Jetstream for which the first production line was being laid down in 1966. The company had sold 58 Heralds and was about to start production of more than 20 “off-the-drawing-board” Jetstream orders.
In 1966 feasibility and market studies revealed a definite market for a medium-sized turboprop mini-airliner for commuter and executive use. The H.P.137 Jetstrearn was launched, attracting nearly 200 orders and options in the first year. it even won the United States Air Force contest for the C- 10A transport. But it was a difficult aircraft for a firm used to large and expensive military designs, and development was prolonged. Its airworthiness category imposed a nominal limit in all-up weight which severely affected range/load performance. This was improved with the advent of higher-power engines and a change in category, which allowed take-off weight to rise to the level for which the Jetstream was designed. But it was too late. Development costs had risen to £13 million, and the backers pulled out; the company went into administration.
The death knell came on August 8,1969, when the company went into receivership. A reprieve seemed at hand when it was bought up by an American consortium, the K.R. Cravens Corporation, in January 1970 and rebranded Handley Page Aircraft Ltd. At the same time, however, the consortium’s head was diagnosed with terminal cancer and all foreign interests were dropped. By the end of February the company had ceased trading and on June 1, 1970, the name of Handley Page was consigned to history – after some six decades of aeronautical achievement.
A single seat glider designed by G.A. Handasyde, F.P. Raynham and Sydney Camm, and was built for the Handasyde Aircraft Co by the Air Navigation Co, Addlestone, near Chertsey, Surrey, of wooden construction. Cantilever wing, Twin main skids + tail skid .
Flown by F.P. Raynham at the Itford 1922 competition who achieved the second longest time of 1 hr 53 min.
After the contest the glider was ditched into the sea at Torquay, Devon. During film work.
Wingspan: 10.97 m / 36 ft 0 in Length: 5.06 m / 16 ft 7 in Wing area: 14.59 sq.m / 157 sq.ft Aspect ratio: 8.3 Wing section: Gottingen 441 Empty weight: 72.58 kg / 160 lb AUW: 145.15 kg / 320 lb Wing loading: 10.05 kg/sq.m / 2.06 lb/sq.ft
UK A former partner in Martin & Handasyde Ltd., George Handasyde set up his own company at war’s end and constructed a glider for the Daily Mail’s 1922 Itford Meeting. For the Lympne Motor Glider Competition in 1923 he produced a small powered monoplane which was built by the Air Navigation & Engineering Company. In 1929 Handasyde joined the Desoutter Aircraft Company as general manager.
The Cherokee II, designed by Stanley Hall, was introduced in 1956 specifically for amateur construction from plans. The entire wood airframe is covered in fabric. Upper surface spoilers control the glidepath, and the landing gear is fixed. Many examples vary in detail. L/D max. 23. The design was further developed by several builders including the Cherokee RM by Terry Miller and John Ree with a 13.4 m. / 44 ft. span wing with NACA 64(3)-618 airfoil which increased L/D max. to about 28, and the 15 m. Leonard Annebula which has Prue type trailling edge airbrakes and a claimed L/D max. of 31.
Cherokee II
Plans are available only as secondhand now.
A Cherokee RM belongs to the National Soaring Museum.
The Flagor/Hall powered version of a Hall Cherokee II single seater sailplane was produced by Mr Ken Flaglor of Northbrook, Illinois, who fitted the Cherokee II he had built from plans some years before with two 10hp West Bend Model 82001-1 and Model 82002-1 Power Bee go-kart engines. These were mounted on pylons each side of the fuselage under the wings, and drove opposite-rotating Troyer wooden pusher propellers of 2 ft 0 in diameter; the fuel capacity was 2 US gallons. The first flight of Mr Flaglor’s powered Cherokee II, registered N12042, was made in June 1964. The basic Cherokee II is a shoulder wing single seater of conventional wood and fabric construction, plans of which were marketed by its designer, Mr Stanley A. Hall.
Flagor/Hall Cherokee II Engines: 2 x 10hp West Bend Model 82001-1 and Model 82002-1 Power Bee Propellers: 2 x Troyer wooden 2 ft 0 in diameter Span: 40 ft 0 in Length: 21 ft 6 in Wing area: 125 sqft Aspect ratio: 12.8 Empty weight: 375 lb Max weight: 580 1b Fuel capacity: 2 US gallons Max level speed: 72 mph (power on) Cruising speed: 60 mph (power on) Min sinking speed: 4 ft/sec (unpowered) Best glide ratio: 16.5:1 at4 5mph (unpowered) Take-off run: 900 ft Endurance: 1 hour (power on)
This pod-and-boom sailplane was designed by Stanley Hall to explore a fuselage with reduced wetted area; to learn more about the effect of a gull wing on hands-off stability while spiraling; and to investigate low-speed performance characteristics as affected by unusually wide NACA slot-lip flaps. The sole Ibex belongs to the National Soaring Museum
The “Minibat” ultralight single-seater glider was designed by Larry Haig of Muskegan, Michigan, over a three-month period at a cost of $3,500, and made its first flight on March 11, 1979. The Minibat had a cantilever, swept forward wing and used a reflex airfoil. It was constructed of Kevlar, carbon fibres and foam sandwich with glass fibre covering. The fuselage was made up of two halves joined by the metallic structure which formed the pilot’s seat. Wings were demountable in the same way as a conventional glider, and a peculiarity of this machine was that the two ailerons could be raised together to act as spoilers. Extended wing tips were also available, increasing span to 10 meters.
The Minibat was available as fast-build kits for the homebuilder, assembly was said to require only 5 – 10 days using moulded parts. A powered version was planned, using a 3 hp chain saw sustainer engine mounted behind the cockpit and driving a pusher propeller mounted in a slot between the fin and rudder. The Minibat was not a self-launching design but the engine was intended, after launch by auto-tow, winch or bungee, to provide a positive rate of climb.
By January 1982, four Minibats had already had accidents during take-off. It was concluded that this machine should not be made available to just anybody, as it was initially expected. It seems that the airfoil was the major cause for the bad handling characteristics. But yet the Minibat was a very interesting concept of a very light and efficient “minimum” glider.
The prototype of this tandem two-seat training sailplane flew on September 10, 1956 and at least eight more were flying by 1961. Construction is similar to that of the H-22B-3.
Span: 43 ft 2 in Length: 23 ft 4 in Wing area: 185 sq.ft Gross weight: 838 lb Empty weight: 463 lb Max L/D: 18 at 42.5 mph Min sink: 3.6 ft/min at 38.5 mph
Thirty of these tandem two-seat primary training gliders have been built by 1961, since August 1953, when the prototype made its first flight. Construction is conventional, with a fabric-covered steel-tube fuselage nacelle and fabric-covered two-spar braced wooden wing.
Horikaw A H-22B-3 Span: 40 ft l in Length: 23 ft Wing area: 181 sq.ft Gross weight: 661 lb Empty weight: 375 lb Max L/D: 14.2 at 41,5 mph Min sink: 3.8 ft/sec at 34 mph