The Junkers Ju 388 was a 1944 development of the Junkers Ju 188. There were three versions, J (hunter), K (bomber) and L (reconnaissance aircraft). The first prototype, the Ju 388 L-0 V 7 with the factory serial number 300,001, PG+YA, developed using of major components of the Ju 188 and flew for the first time in December 1943. The prototypes built were V 1 to V 6 (2 each of the J-1, K-1 and L-1) during 1944. Structural areas and the horizontal tail unit of all versions were taken completely from the Ju 188, the chassis from the Ju 88. In contrast to the Ju 188 the Ju 388 possessed a pressurized cabin for three man crew. In order to improve the aerodynamics and speed, the portion of the cockpit were omitted but a remote controlled tail FHL 131 Z was inserted. The wings were defrosted as with the Ju 188 by warm air by the engines, the snow and ice removal of the horizontal stabilizers took place via a gasoline Kaercher furnace. The only version of this Ju 188 development to enter production before the end of the war was the Ju 388L reconnaissance aircraft, a small number of which were built. Power was provided by two 1,349kW BMW 801TJ engines.
One Ju 388 L-1, 560,049 was captured by the Americans in the Merseburg works. It originated from production from Weser flight in Liegnitz/Schlesien, and parts were manufactured by ATG. It was brought with other German airplanes on the aircraft carrier HMS Reaper in Operation Sea Horse for tests into the USA. These took place in Wright Field, Ohio. The machine carried the identification FE-4010 (later T2-4010).
In 1947 the tests finished, and 560,049 / FE-4010 found its way to the National Air & Space Museum. Unrestored, the cockpit of the Ju is 388 L is nearly in the original state.
Engines: 2 x Junkers Jumo 222E Wingspan 22 m (72 ft. 2.125 in.) Length 14.95 m (49 ft. 1 in.) Height 4.9m (16 ft 1 in) Weight 10,565 kg (23,296 lb.) empty Top speed: 414 mph @ 37,700 ft. Range: 1100 miles Ceiling: 42,200 ft Armament: 3 x 13mm mg
The Ju 352 development was based on wood in order not to use strategic materials. Power was provided by three 894kW Bramo 323R-2 engines. Production of this version totalled 43 or 44.
Ju 352 T9+AB at Juvincourt unloading AR234 equipment – Erich Sommer at right
One of the features of the Ju 352 was its Trapoklappe hydraulically-operated loading ramp. Incorporating its own central stairway, this ramp, when lowered, raised the aircraft to a near horizontal position which facilitated easy loading and unloading. Another feature were its reversible pitch propellers.
T9+AB
A total of ten pre-production Ju 352 A-0s and 33 A-1 production aircraft were completed before construction was halted in September 1944.
A number of Ju 352 were delivered to Versuchsverband including T9+AB, T9+MB and T9+AL.
A 1941 flying-wing transport glider, built in competition with the Me 321. The RLM insisted that the Ju 322 would be built of wood, a construction technique not used by Junkers since 1918. Junkers employed a wing like that of the G 38 on a transport glider design, the Ju 322 Mammut (Mammoth) but stability problems showed up on its first test flight.
The RLM had ordered 200, but the Ju 322 was cancelled after the prototype proved unstable. The Me 321 was selected for production.
The 62 m (203 ft) span glider was towed by a Ju 90 towplane (for whose take off 5 km (3 miles) of forest had been cleared from the end of the Junkers airfield at Mersburg) and had to be cast off. It landed in a meadow where it lay for two weeks before it was towed back to the airfield by the two tanks it had been designed to carry. Both it and 99 other Mammuts under construction were sawn up into firewood.
The Ju 290 was originally designed as a development of the Ju 90 transport and was test flown in 1941. Subsequent development was undertaken to enable it ultimately to supersede the Fw 200C for long-range over-sea anti-shipping and U-boat cooperation work, but it failed to achieve this.
Nevertheless seven versions of the A series were produced as transport (A-1 with BMW 801D engines), reconnaissance (A-2, A-3 and A-5), transport (A-6), reconnaissance-bombing (A-7), and reconnaissance (A-8) aircraft – the latter with provision for carrying two Hs 293 anti-shipping glider missiles.
Ju.290 V-3
Production totalled about 55 aircraft.
The Ju 290B was a projected heavily armed long-range bomber. It was followed by the Ju 290C reconnaissance and transport aircraft, Ju 290D long-range bomber and Ju 290E night bomber: all of which failed to enter production.
In April 1944 three Ju-290A-9 of KG200 had been stripped of their armament, except for their nose and tail machine-gun turrets, so they could carry auxiliary fuel tanks containing thousands of gallons of fuel. They now had a range of almost 5500 miles. Flying at an altitude of about 38,000 ft, they crossed the Soviet Union and Mongolia undetected, and after some 20 hours of flight they landed at a base near Mukden, Manchuria. On their incoming flight the Ju 290s carried some four tons of essential munitions to the Japanese. Things like weapon sights and other optical equipment. The next day they would make their return flight, with cargo including molybdenum raw material, back to Germany. They landed back at Mielec northeast of Krakow. On 10 April 1944 the Germans were forced to evacuate Odessa and shifted their take-off base to Mielec too.
Ju.290 V-1 Ju.90 W/no 4918/0011 / BD+TX re-engined and fitted with a loading ramp. First flew 16 July 1942 Crashed Stalingrad 19 January 1943.
Ju.290 V-2 W/no 0151 / CE+YZ / SB+QA First flew 7 December 1942
Ju.290 V-3 W/no 0152 / GF+GH / SB+QB The rebuilt Ju.90 V-7 Crashed and destroyed 5 October 1944
Ju.290 A-0 Two pre-production aircraft Engines: 4 x BMW 801L-2, 1600 hp Props: 3 blade Armament: 3 x 20mm MG151 cannon, 2 x 7.9mm MG81 mg Bombload: 2 x Henschel Hs 293 glider bombs Troop capacity: 40 Transport load: 18,700 lb Winch loading ramp: 15ft 9in long x 7fyt 8in wide
Ju.290A-1 Five aircraft similar to the V-8 W/no 0152 SB+QC / Wno 0153 T9+FK – to Luftwaffe March 1943 W/no 0154 / J4+AH – to Luftwaffe May 1943 W/no 0155 & 0156 – to Luftwaffe for structural testing purposes
Ju.290A-2 Three aircraft as long range maritime patrol aircraft First flew Summer 1943 W/no 0157 SB+QG Went to Britain as AM-57 Scrapped 1950
Ju.290A-3 Five armed maritime / reconnaissance types during 1943 Engines: 4 x BMW 801D, 1700 hp Fitted with extra dorsal turret and a 20mm MG 151 cannon, + another in tail position. 2 x 13mm MG 131 in each waist position + 1 in forward firing gondola.
W/no 0160 & W/no 0161
W/no 0162 9V+GK Shot down 20 November 1943 by a DH Mosquito
W/no 0163 Destroyed 3 May 1945
W/no 0154
Ju 290A-4 Five long range reconnaissance types W/nos 0165 – 0169 Engine: 4 x BMW DB 801 L-2, 1,500 hp Max speed: 243 mph at 18,000 ft Service ceiling: 19,000 ft Max range: 790 miles Weight loaded: 90,000 lb Wingspan: 138 ft Armament: one forward-firing 20-mm MG 151 cannon in forward fuselage; one 20-mm MG 151 cannon in dorsal position; two MG 131 13-mm machine guns in lateral emplacements; one MG 131 13-mm machine gun in forward ventral position; one MG 151 20-mm cannon in rear ventral position; one MG 151 20-mm cannon in tail; bomb load of 19,000 lbs or 90 men.
W/no 0165 Used in testing the Hs 293 guided bomb, fitted with Fritz X radio controlled equipment.
Ju-290A-7 Engine: 4 x BMW 801D, 1268kW Max take-off weight: 46000 kg / 101413 lb Empty weight: 33005 kg / 72764 lb Wingspan: 42.0 m / 137 ft 10 in Length: 29.15 m / 95 ft 8 in Height: 6.83 m / 22 ft 5 in Wing area: 203.60 sq.m / 2191.53 sq ft Max. speed: 440 km/h / 273 mph Ceiling: 6000 m / 19700 ft Range w/max.fuel: 6090 km / 3784 miles Armament: 7 x 20mm cannon, 1 x 13mm machine-guns, 3000kg bombs or 3 missiles Crew: 3
The Ju 288 was not a development of the Ju 88 or Ju 188. It was designed as a twin-engined (Daimler-Benz DB 610) medium bomber and was test flown in 1940. Development was slow but a long series of prototypes had been completed by 1943.
Ju.288 V2
V-5
V-9
V-11
V-107
Only 21 test aircraft had been produced and none of them saw operational service.
Ju.288 V-14 W/no 0014 DF+CT The B series prototype Junkers Jumo 222 engines First flew August 1942
Ju.288 V-15 to V-21 Another major redesign Engines: 2 x Daimler-Benz DB 610, 2950 hp C series prototypes
Ju.288 V-101 W/no 0101 BG+GX C series prototype First flew 5 November 1943 Engines: 2 x Daimlr-Benz DB 606
Ju.288 V-102 W/no 0102 BG+BY Similar to the V-101 Engines: 2 x Daimler-Benz DB 610
Ju.288 V-103 W/no 0103 DE+ZZ C series prototype, re-designed and strengthened First flew 13 August 1943 Engines: 2 x Daimler-Benz DB 610 A/B, 2950 hp Armed with an additional dorsal barbette
Ju.288 V-104 W/no 0104 Similar to the V-103 First flew 12 Novemver 1943
Ju.288 V-105 W/no 0105 Similar to the V-103 Later broken up
Ju.288 V-106 W/no 0106 BS+CA First flew 17 May 1942
Ju.288 V-107 W/no 0107 BS+CB First flew June 1943
Ju.288 V-108 W/no 0108 BS+CC First flew 9 Octover 1943
Ju.288A First 7 prototypes Engines: BMW Wingspan: 60 ft Length: 52 ft
Ju.288A-1 Pressurised cabin Max speed at 32,800ft: 416 mph Range: 2235 miles Crew: 3 Armament: 4 x remotely controlled 13mm MG 131 MG in barbettes, 2 x fixed forward firing 7.92mm MG 81 mg Internal bombload: 8800 lb
Ju.288A-2 An all round gun position at the side of the nose
Ju.288A-3 Remotely controlled barbette armament
Series abandoned
Ju.288B Wingspan: 75 ft 5 in Length: 59 ft 5.25 in Height: 14 ft 9 in Wing area: 696 sq.ft Max speed: 401 mph ROC: 1420 fpm Service ceiling: 30,500 ft Range: 2200 miles
Ju.288B-1 Enlagred cabin, wider forward section, increased wingspan Engines: 2 x Junkers Jumo 222 24-cyl Remotely controlled MG 131 mgs in nose & dorsal turret Crew: 6 Bombload: 6615 lb One prototype completed then stored.
Ju.288C Wingspan: 74 ft 4 in Length: 59 ft 6.75 in Height: 16 ft 4.75 in Wing area: 699.4 sq.ft Empty weight: 29,547 lb Loaded weight: 50,700 lb Normal weight: 47,165 lb Max speed at 22,300ft: 407 mph Cruise speed: 320 mph Landing speed: 93 mph Service ceiling: 34,110 ft Max range: 1615 miles
Ju.288C-0 Modified with an extended canopy and strengthened airframe Engines: 2 x Daimler-Benz 610, 2950 hp Crew: 4 Armament: 2 x 7.92mm mg or 20mm MG 151 cannon in remotely controlled dorsal barbette / 2 x 7.92mm mg or 20mm MG 151 cannon in ventral barbette aft of bomb bay / Twin MG 131 mg in chin turret / 1 x MG 151 or 2 x MG 131 in remotely controlled tail turret Bombload: 11,000 lb
Ju.288C-1 W/no 31051 First flew 4 December 1943 Armament: twin MG 131 in ventral barbette
In 1943 the German Junkers com¬pany was given the task of designing a heavy bomber that would be faster than any contemporary Allied fighter. A swept wing planform was essential to reach the speed required, and to overcome the disadvantages of a backward swept wing, the Junkers design team proposed a wing swept forward. In theory such a wing should have the same effect as one swept back in reducing the effective thickness to chord ratio, but would have the highest lift coefficient at the root, decreasing outboard. The wing tips would thus be the last to stall, with aileron control available up to this point. An additional advantage of a forward swept wing was that by freeing the centre portion of the fuselage of wing spars, it facilitated the provision of the large weapons bay called for in the bomber specification, around the centre of gravity. To test such a wing full scale Ju 287 Vl was produced, under supervision of Hans Wocke. To save time and money this aircraft utilised the fuselage of a Heinkel He 177A, the tail of a Ju 388 and nose wheels salvaged from a crashed Consolidated B 24 Libera¬tor. The forward swept wing, however, was representative of that of the intended bomber.
Power was provided by four Junkers Jurno 004B turbojets, two being attached to the sides of the fuselage nose and two being mounted under the wing. Two Walter 501 rocket units provided boost for take off. A forward swept wing is structurally unstable; it reacts to increase the loads. As speed increased the forces eventually exceed the strength of the wing. To compensate for this divergence problem, as it is called, forward swept wings have to be very strong in torsion to prevent any twisting that would lead to catastrophic loads.
An indication of the severity of this problem is that on the Ju 287 V1, to preserve the structural integrity of the wing, the main landing gear did not retract into the wing, but was fixed, the wheels being enclosed in fairings. Seventeen test flights were made by the Ju 287 V1, the first one at Brandis, near Leipzig, on 16th August 1944, in the hands of Flugkapitan Siegfried Holzbaur. The flights proved the aerodynamic advantages of the wing planform; wing tufts confirmed the progressive wing stall from the root to the tip. Lateral control at low speeds was good. However, the trials also proved some of the problems predicted. Two of the most serious were a tendency for the aircraft to Dutch roll in reverse, and for the aircraft to increase g inadvertently during a turn, when the pilot was attempting a steady turn. Despite the problems, work started on the definitive bomber, the Ju 287¬V2, and final assembly was under way when the factory was seized by advancing Russian troops. The incomplete bomber was transferred to the Soviet Union, together with Hans Wocke and other key members of the Junkers design team, where it was completed and test flown in 1947.
Ju.287
EF.131 Wing span: 78 ft 8.75 in Height: 26 ft 3 in Empty wt: 34,838 lb Loaded wt: 51,341 lb Max speed: 534 mph Service ceiling: 43,950 ft Range 4410 bomb load: 1045 mi
V-1 Wing span: 65 ft 11.75 in Length: 61 ft 0.5 in Height: 15 ft 5 in Wing area: 656 sq.ft Empty wt: 25,557 lb Loaded wt: 44,092 lb Max speed: 404 mph Max speed at 19,685 ft: 347 mph Cruise speed: 320 mph Landing speed: 118 mph Stall speed: 105 mph Rate of climb: 1910 fpm Climb to 19,700 ft: 10 min 30 sec Service ceiling: 35,425 ft Range: 932 mi
V3 Engines: 6 x 800kg BMW 003A-1 turbojets Wingspan: 20.11 m / 66 ft 0 in Length: 18.6 m / 61 ft 0 in Wing area: 58.3 sq.m / 627.54 sq ft Max take-off weight: 21520 kg / 47444 lb Empty weight: 11920 kg / 26279 lb Max speed at 16,400 ft: 856 km/h / 532 mph Cruise speed: 493 mph Rate of climb: 2885 fpm Climb to 19,700 ft: 10 min 30 sec Ceiling: 12000 m / 39350 ft Range full load: 980 mi Range half bomb load: 1320 mi Crew: 4
The Ju 252 was a transport aircraft powered by three 1,051kW Junkers Jumo 211 engines. It had been designed to replace the Ju 52/3m but only 15 were produced.
The Ju 188 was a development of the Ju 88. It had a redesigned nose, new wings of greater span with pointed tips, and heavier armament.
Ju.188D-2
The first major versions were the Ju 188E and Ju 188F of 1941, which entered service before the Ju 188A and were bombing and reconnaissance types respectively. Power was provided by two 1,267kW BMW 801D and G engines. Next came the Ju 188A, which had been held up by the slow delivery of the 1,323kW Jumo 213A engines. One version of the A was adapted to carry two torpedoes. The Ju 188D was a reconnaissance version of the A, fitted with the same engines and armament.
Projected versions of the Ju 188 included the C bomber (with a remotely controlled tail turret); G (development of the G); H reconnaissance aircraft (developed from the G); R night fighter; and the T photographic reconnaissance aircraft with a pressure cabin.
Ju.188A-2
The only other version to enter service was the Ju 188S, a three-seat high-altitude bomber powered by Jumo 213E engines and with a pressurised crew cabin. The priority for low-level attack aircraft caused an abrupt end to Ju 188S production, all remaining airframes being converted into unpressurised aircraft mounting a 50mm BK 5 cannon. It is believed that around one thousand and seventy six of the type were delivered.
Some of the captured aircraft at the end of the war were used by Frances’s Aeronavale.
Ju.188 A-1 Wingspan: 72 ft 2 in Length: 49 ft 0.5 in Height: 14 ft 6.5 in Wing area: 602.8 sq.ft Loaded weight: 33,730 lb Max speed: 325 mph at 20,500 ft Cruise speed: 232 mph Range: 1000-1550 mi
Ju.188 A-2 Wingspan: 72 ft 2 in Length: 49 ft 0.5 in Height: 14 ft 6.5 in Wing area: 602.8 sq.ft Loaded weight: 33,730 lb Cruise speed: 295 mph Landing speed: 109 mph Time to 19,666 ft: 17 min Service ceiling: 31,160 ft Range: 1500 mi
Ju.188 B Wingspan: 65 ft 10.5 in Length: 49 ft 0.5 in Height: 14 ft 6.5 in Wing area: 602.8 sq.ft Loaded weight: 31,970-31,989 lb
Ju.188 D Wingspan: 72 ft 2 in Length: 49 ft 0.5 in Height: 14 ft 6.5 in Wing area: 602.8 sq.ft Empty weight: 21,825 lb Loaded weight: 31,970-31,989 lb Max speed: 350 mph at 27,000 ft Cruise speed: 232 mph Service ceiling: 36,090 ft
Ju.188 D-1 Loaded weight: 31,510 lb
Ju.188 D-2 Wingspan: 72 ft 2 in Length: 49 ft 0.5 in Height: 14 ft 6.5 in Loaded weight: 31,510 lb Wing area: 602.8 sq.ft Max speed: 336 mph Cruise speed: 232 mph Service ceiling: 32,800 ft Range w/drop tanks: 2200 mi
Ju.188 E Wingspan: 72 ft 2 in Length: 49 ft 0.5 in Height: 14 ft 6.5 in Wing area: 602.8 sq.ft Max speed: 314 mph at 19,685 ft Cruise speed: 232 mph Loaded weight: 31,970-31,989 lb
Ju 188 E-1 Engine: 2 x 1194kW/1700 hp BMW 801D-2 Wingspan: 22.00 m / 72 ft 2 in Length: 15.06 m / 49 ft 0.5 in Height: 4.44 m / 14 ft 7 in Wing area: 602 sq. ft / 55.92 sq.m Empty weight: 9859 kg / 21,737 lb Max take-off weight: 14570 kg / 32122 lb Max speed: 500 km/h / 311 mph at 20,000 ft / 6096m Cruise speed: 248 mph Landing speed: 99 mph Service ceiling: 9300 m / 30500 ft Time to 19,666 ft: 17 min 35 sec Range: 1947 km / 1210 miles Armament: 1 x 20mm MG151 cannon, 2 x 13mm + 1 x 7.92mm mg, 3000kg / 6614 lb bombs Crew: 4
Ju.188R Experimental night fighter. Three prototypes built. The first two were armed with four fixed forward firing 20m MG 151 cannon and eg radar. The third was armed with two fixed forward firing 30mm MK 103 cannon. Production was abandoned.
Ju.188 S An unarmed fast high altitude intruder / bomber tpe, fitted with a pressurised cabin for the crew of three. Began being delivered into service during the Summer of 1944. Engnes: 2 x 175 hp Junkers Jumo 213E-1 engins with nitrous oxide fuel injection. Wingspan: 72 ft 2 in Length: 49 ft 0.5 in Height: 14 ft 6.5 in Wing area: 602.8 sq.ft Loaded weight: 31,970-31,989 lb Max speed: 428 mph Cruise speed: 232 mph Service ceiling: 38,400 ft Bombload: 1763 lb internally
Ju.188S-1 An adapted grond attack version armed with a single ventrally mounted 50mm BK.5 cannon Pressurisation equipment and engine boost system removed.
Ju.188S-1/U Intended to be used as a close support type with additional armour protection for the crew of two. Armed with 50mm BK.5 cannon. Pressurisation equipment and engine boost system removed.
Ju.188 T Unarmed photographic reconnaissance type. Powered as the S series. Wingspan: 72 ft 2 in Length: 49 ft 0.5 in Height: 14 ft 6.5 in Wing area: 602.8 sq.ft Loaded weight: 31,970-31,989 lb Max speed: 435 mph Cruise speed: 232 mph Abandoned
A forty-passenger commercial airliner of 1937, powered by four 1600 hp / 618kW BMW 801MA engines.
The wing design of the first four Ju-90 aircraft, which were all seriously underpowered, was changed on Ju-90V5 to Ju-90V7, with straight wings similar to the Ju-290, but less span.
Four prototypes and ten pre-production aircraft were built, designated Ju 90B-1.
Ju-90V6 and Ju-90V9 were converted to become Ju-390 prototypes.
Ju.90
Eleven were delivered to Luft-Hansa during 1938, most of which later passed to the Luftwaffe as troop transports.
Ju.90
Ju 90 V2 seconded to Sonderkommando Junck, Iraq, with Iraqi markings
W/no 0008 D-ATDC ‘Hessen’ First flew 4 February 1940 Was to have been delivered to Lufthansa, but went to Luftwaffe as BG+GZ Destroyed January 1943.
W/no 0009 D-AJHB ‘Thuringen’ First flew 6 March 1940 Delivered to Luft-Hansa on 20 March 1940 Served with Liftwaffe from November 1942 as BJ+OV Destroyed as a modified weapons test aircraft J4-KH August 1944.
W/no 0010 D-AVMF ‘Brandenburg’ First flew 25 April 1940 Delivered to Lufthansa later Crashed 8 November 1940
90 B Military types fitted with porthole fuselage windows and oval tail fins.
90 S W/no 0011 Modified during 1942, W/no 4918, with a new wing and fitted with a vertical loading ramp. Engines: BMW 801 The partially built aircraft was later redesignated Ju 290 V-1
Ju 90 Engines: 4 x BMW 801MA, 1600 hp Propellers: metal three-bladed variable pitch Wingspan: 42 m Length: 28,64 m Height: 6,83 m Wing area: 205,30 sq.m.
Ju 90 Wingspan: 114 ft 10 in Length: 86 ft 3 in Height: 24 ft 7 in Wing area: 1980.55 sq.ft Empty weight: 35,250-42,390 lb Loaded weight normal: 50,706 lb MAUW: 74,264 lb Max speed: 218 mph Cruise speed: 200 mph Landing speed: 68 mph Service ceiling: 18,500 ft Ceiling 3 engine: 9840 ft Range max: 1300 mi Range normal: 775 mi
Ju 90S Engines: 4 x BMW 801MA, 1600 hp Propellers: metal three-bladed variable pitch Wingspan: 42 m Length: 28,64 m Height: 6,83 m Wing area: 205,30 sq.m. Armament: 3 x MG 151/20, 20 mm / 2 or 3 x MT MG 131, 13 mm
The RLM required an armament of a mg 15 and 700-800 kg of bomb load, short wave radio, oxygen breathing plant, radio telephone system, special navigation equipment, UKW landing aid, de-icing equipment. A take-off distance of 700 m, and landing distance of 400 m was required. The time to 7000 m was to be 25 minutes, and a 1300 km range was required.
The Junkers Ju 88 was originated to meet the requirement. Designed by W.H. Evers and Al Gassner (an American), building of the first prototype, the Ju 88 Va D-AQEN, started in March 1936. Powered by two 746kW Daimler-Benz DB 600Aa engines with annular radiators, Karlheinz B. Kindermann flew first the Junkers Ju88 on 21 December 1936.
V-1 D-AQEN
After the V-1 prototype crashed on 10 April 1937, the second prototype, the V-2 W/no 4942 was completed and first flew on 10 April 1937. This machine, D-ASAZ, reached 460 km/h initially powered by two Daimler-Benz 600 engines, these were later changed to Junkers Jumo engines. The type was initially fitted with two auxiliary tail fins but these were later abandoned in favour of the single tail fin. The V-2 was later modified and fitted with a fairing in the shape of the cockpit for the Ju.288.
The V-3 prototype, w/no 4943 D-AREN first flew on 13 September 1937 powered by two 1000 hp Junkers Jumo 211A engines with direct fuel injection with two speed superchargers. The Junkers Jumo 211s were standardised for the series model, the Ju 88A-1 having Jumo 211B-1 engines each rated at 1200 hp for take-off. The Ju 88 V-3 achieved 504 km/h, and peaked at 520 km/h. It featured full military equipment and with the redesigned raised cockpit roof and a rearward firing 7.92mm machine gun.
Its four crew members were closely grouped in the fuselage nose forward of the front wing spar; two internal bomb bays were capable of accommodating a maximum of 28 bombs of 110 lb / 50 kg, and two external carriers were fitted beneath each wing, each capable of lifting a 1102 lb / 500 kg bomb, but normally carrying a 220 lb / 100 kg bomb, but normally carrying a 220 lb / 100 kg bomb when maximum internal load was being lifted. Initially, defensive armament comprised a single forward-firing 7.9mm MG 15 machine gun in the starboard side of the cockpit windscreen and two similar weapons firing aft, one from the rear of the cockpit and the other from the rear of the offset ventral cupola. This armament was hurriedly augmented, a second aft-firing MG 15 being added while forward maintenance units improvised mountings for a pair of lateral-firing MG 15s. As these weapons had each to be operated independently, no great weight of fire could be brought to bear.
The Ju 88 V-4 w/no 4944 D-ASYT first flew on 2 February 1938, with the redesigned nose and was also powered by Junkers Jumo engines. Accommodation was for a crew of four, it was fitted with dive brakes, solid nose and the gondola under the nose for the rearward firing 7.92mm MG 15 machine gun with the gunner in the prone position. The V-4 was substantially slower than the V-3.
A further unarmed prototype was the Ju 88 V-5 with the identification D-ATYU. It was equipped with two Jumo 211-engines. In March 1939 the fifth prototype set a 1,000km closed-circuit record of 517km/h and 500.786 km/h over 2000 km both carrying a 2000kg payload.
On 04 April 1938 Kindermann achieved a world record with Junkers Ju88 D-ALAT, when Kindermann climbed up to 9312 metres with 5000kg payload. Four days later Kindermann reached 7242 metres with 10000kg payload.
The first for the RLM requirements was the Ju 88 V-6, which first flew on 18 June 1938. It corresponded to the Ju to 88 A-1-Series. The bomb load was 1000 kg.
Ju-88A-1
Goering, in the autumn 1938, assigned an order for mass production on the Ju 88. The Junkers-Werke at Schönebrck began the manufacture of production tooling and jigs early in 1938, by which time contracts had been placed for 20 pre-series Ju 99A-0 and 50 series Ju 88A-1 bombers, these shortly being followed by a further contract for 100 more Ju 88A-1. Manufacture was highly dispersed and by the late spring of 1938 contracts had been placed for a total of 1060 Ju 88As and by 1 October 1938, 53% of the total German airframe industry workforce was committed to the programme. At that time the Ju 88 still was in the development stage, and at the end of 1939 only 69 were delivered.
The prototype of the destroyer variant was the Ju 88 V-7, which completed its first flight on 27 September 1938. Three further prototypes followed up to 3 February 1939.
A total of 10 prototypes was completed, and the first of the pre-production Ju 88A-0 bombers flew in early 1939. The first production Ju 88A-1s were delivered in August 1939 to the I Gruppe of Kampfgeschwader 25, this unit being re-designated as I Gruppe of Kampfgeschwader 30 on September 22. The bomber suffered teething troubles. The slatted dive brakes hinged beneath the front spar presented serious problems when extended.
The fuselage was already highly stressed and limitations had to be imposed on high-speed manoeuvres. The undercarriage was beset with problems, and the first 10 Ju 88A-1s delivered by Arado’s Brandenburg factory were all damaged during landings as a result of one or other oleo leg failing. Most of these shortcomings had been ironed out by the time the Ju 88A was committed to the Battle of Britain.
In 1939 a Ju 88 prototype broke records by carrying a two-ton load for 620 miles at 321 mph and for 1240 miles at 311 mph.
Ju 88 V28 W.Nr 0028 was a development of the Ju 88 A, but fitted with an entirely new and extensively glazed nose and powered by 1600 hp BMW 801 engines.
On Adler Tag, all three Gruppen of KG 30 were fully equipped with the Ju 88A, as were the three Gruppen of KG 51 and both Gruppen of Lehrgeschwader I. The I and II Gruppen of KG 54 had converted, with the III Gruppe still in process of conversion, and the III Gruppe of KG I had also converted to the Ju 88A. The Lufttlotte 2 included the Ju 88As of III/KG I under I Fliegerkorps, III/KG 4 under IX Fliegerdivision, the Gruppen of LG I under IV Fliegerkorps, and KG 51 and KG 54 under V Fliegerkorps.
On the 26th it undertook its first operational mission against British shipping in the Firth of Forth.
Ju 88A highlights during the Battle included the mass attack by 63 aircraft from KG 51 and KG 54 on Portsmouth on the day preceding Adler Tag, with 15 aircraft detached to bomb radar installations at Ventnor, and on 15 August, an unescorted attack by 50 Ju 88As of KG 30 on Driffield in which seven aircraft were lost to British fighters. On the same day, LG I despatched from Orléans-Bricy 12 aircraft from I Gruppe against Middle Wallop and 15 from II Gruppe against Worthy Down. The Ju 88As of I/LG I took Middle Wallop entirely by surprise, a number of Spitfires suffering damage on the ground, but only three aircraft of II/LG I found Worthy Down, and of the seven aircraft of this Gruppe’s 4 Staffel participating all but two were shot down.
Although the Ju 88A faired better than other Luftwaffe bombers, its high diving speed enabling it to evade even the Spitfire, combat attrition was by no means inconsiderable. Manoeuvrable for its size, The Ju 88A was able to withstand considerable battle damage and remain airborne. But it was deficient in both defensive armament and armour protection, and although some effort was expended during the Battle to rectify these deficiencies, The Junkers bomber was considered to be comparatively easy prey.
Junkers Ju88A4 with Junkers Jumo 004 turbojet
Early operational deployment showed that despite good performance and a worthwhile bombload, defensive armament was totally inadequate, leading to the Ju 88A-4 with increased span wings, structural strengthening to carry greater loads and gunpower increased substantially. This formed the basis for further diverse development of the type, ultimately in so many versions that a detailed listing of them is not possible: for example, the Ju 88A series extended over Ju 88A-1 to Ju 88A-17 sub-variants.
Combat sightings of an aircraft similar to the Ju.88 in the Pacific led to the assignment of the code name ‘Janice’ and the type was included in recognition manuals in April 1943. The JNAF did import one Ju.88A-5 which was wrecked on its first flight.
While the Ju 88A was in production an improved Ju 88B was planned, with a more extensively glazed nose and power provided by two 1193kW B.M.W. 801MA radials, but flight testing showed only marginal performance improvement and only 10 pre-production Ju 88B-0 aircraft were built.
Ju-88C-2 of I./NJG on Sicily
The Ju 88 was almost as fast as contemporary fighters, and such performance coupled with excellent manoeuvrability brought development of the Ju 88C series. The planned Ju 88C-1 with B.M.W. 801 MA engines was abandoned because the new Focke-Wulf Fw 190 fighter had priority for this powerplant. As a result the first production version was the Ju 88C-2, this being the Ju 88A-1 converted on the production line to have a solid nose mounting three 7.92mm MG 17 machine-guns and a 20mm MG FF cannon. Defensive armament comprised two additional 7.92mm MG 15 machine-guns. The Ju 88C-4 was a heavy fighter/reconnaissance model, the Ju 88C-5 an improved heavy fighter, the Ju 88C-6a an improved Ju 88C-5, the Ju 88C-6b and Ju 88C-6c night-fighters, the Ju 88C-7a and Ju 88-C7b intruders, and the Ju 88C-7c, a heavy fighter. Alphabetically out of sequence were the Ju 88R-1 and Ju 88R-2 night-fighters, which were developed and powered by B.M.W. 801 MA engines when the supply position of this powerplant eased.
The Ju-88R-1 night fighter had radar aerials projecting from the nose.
In early spring of 1942, two Junkers 88 night fighters equipped with the Lichtenstien B.C. 409 Megacycle radar entered operational service with Nachtjagdgeschwader No.1 in Holland. The antennae mounted in the nose of the aircraft reduced the plane’s speed by as much as 25 mph, the first radar-directed victory being attained by Hauptmann Becker in the summer of 1942. Many night fighters being manned by a crew of three; pilot, radar operator, and radio operator – tail gunner.
Ju-88C-6 night fighter
The Ju 88D series was long-range reconnaissance aircraft based on the Ju 88A-4, in Ju 88D-1 to Ju 88D-5 variants that differed in engines, and detail. The Ju 88G series represented definitive night-fighter versions that from the early summer of 1944 replaced the earlier Ju 88C and Ju 88R aircraft. Equipped with airborne interception radar and bristling with weapons, the Ju 88Gs were extremely formidable night-fighters, taking a heavy toll of Allied night bombers. They were followed by small numbers of Ju 88H aircraft which had a lengthened fuselage to provide increased internal fuel capacity, providing extra long-range Ju 88H-1 reconnaissance and Ju 88H-2 fighter aircraft. The tank-busting Ju 88P was developed from the Ju 88A-4, the Ju 88P-1 with a 75-mm PaK 40 cannon and the ensuing Ju 88P-2 to Ju 88P-4 with different combinations of heavy anti-tank weapons.
FuG 202 Matratzen aerial array of the Lichtenstein BC radar of a Ju.88R-1
The increasing capability of Allied fighters meant that losses began to rise, leading to the higher-performance Ju 88S bomber and Ju 88T photo-reconnaissance aircraft that represented the final production versions. When production ended almost 15,000 had been built, this total emphasising the significant role that the Ju 88 had played in Luftwaffe operations.
The designed developed into the Ju.388 and the Ju.188, with more powerful engines and improved performance. During World War II Junkers and DFS (Deutsches Forschungsinstitut fur Segelflug) developed the Mistel (Mistletoe), which comprised an unmanned bomber packed with explosive and a pick a back fighter whose pilot would fly the missile to its target. Tests began in 1942, using a DFS 230 glider as the lower component, with Klemm and Focke Wulf lightplanes as carriers. For full scale trials a Junkers Ju 88A 4 bomber was selected as the missile, fitted with an armour-piercing warhead containing 1725 kg (3803 lb) of impact fused high explosive. The mother ship (the Germans called it Vater or Father) was a Messerschmitt Bf I09F 4. In normal flight a three axis autopilot steered the combination on command from the fighter pilot whose control inputs were made on two thumb buttons (rudder and aileron were linked), but for coarse control inputs or large course corrections the Bf 109’s control column and rudder pedals could be used to operate the surfaces of both aircraft. The fighter separated from the bomber over the target by means of mechanical or explosive links.
S-2 Mistletoe
The Mistletoe composite aircraft were tested at Nordhausen and Peenemünde at the beginning of 1944. On the night of 24-25 June 1944, five S-1 Mistletoes were first used operationally. Approximately 250 Ju.88 were converted to Mistletoes.
A number of different Mistel composites were developed, using Junkers Ju 88s and various marks of Messerschmitt Bf 109 and Focke Wulf Fw 190, and others were planned which were to have used Messerschmitt Me 262, Arado Ar 234 and Heinkel He 162 jets as the upper components.
The first operational use of Mistel was to have been an attack on the Royal Navy anchorage at Scapa Flow from an airfield on the coast of Denmark, but the Allied invasion of Normandy on 6 June 1944 brought a hasty transference of 2/KG 101’s Misteln I’s (Ju 88A 4/Bf 109F 4) to St Dizier, whence five Mistel composites attacked invasion shipping on the night of 24 June (all Misteln were operated under cover of darkness be¬cause of their lack of defensive armament). Four successful hits were claimed, the fifth Ju 88 having to be jettisoned. Some 82 Misteln were ready for operation by March 1945, and were employed primarily in bridge attacks (the warhead was capable of penetrating up to 18 m/60 ft of concrete), their final sortie taking place on 16 April against Soviet bridgeheads.
Manufacturing numbers:
Bomber Hunter Reconnaissance Battle airplanes
1939 69
1940 1816 62 330
1941 2146 66 568
1942 2270 257 567
1943 2160 706 394
1944 661 2518 52 3
1945 355
Manufactured by Hunkers Flugzeug und Motorwerke AG, Dressau, Aschersleben, Bernberg. Halberstadt, Leopoldshall and the Leipziig factories. The Ju.88 manufacture was sub-contracted to Arado – c/nos 880001-88199, ATG – c/nos 886001-886999, Henschel – c/nos 883001-883999, Heinkel – c/nos 885001-885999, Norddeutsche Dornier Werke c/nos 88401-884999 & 887001-887999, and Siebel – c/nos 888001-888999.
SNCASE & AAB of France later manufactured the type, mainly out of captured/wrecked or sabotaged parts.
The total production of Ju.88’s was around 14,676 plus 104 prototypes – of which 3,900 were fighter or ground attack variants.
Some of the type were also sold to other countries, mainly ex-Luftwaffe aircraft – Bulgaria Finland – 24 during 1943 France – mainly captured aircraft Hungary – 23 D-1/D-5 during 1942 + 20 + 2 C types during 1943 + 12 during 1944 Italy – approx 70 during 1943 Japan – some during 1943 Romania – 20 aircraft + 77 A-4 during 1943 Russia – 2 K type during 1940, W/no 0885023 D-AXVL & W/no 0885025 D-AXVM Spain – around 20 A-0 type during 1940 RAF – approx 5 captured ircraft
Engines: 2 x 1,410 h.p. Junkers Jumo 211J. Length: 47.1 ft. (14.33 m.). Wing span: 65.8 ft. (20.1 m.). Weight empty: 19,510 lb. (8,850 kg.). Max. bomb load: 4, 190 lb. (1,900 kg.) Max Speed: 300 m.p.h. (480 km.p.h.). Range: 2,980 miles (4,795 km.). Crew: 4. Armament: Up to five machine guns.
Ju.88 V-1 Range: 1200 miles normal
Ju.88 V-2 Maximum speed: 289 mph Service ceiling: 19,680 ft Range: 1240 miles
Ju.88 V-5 Maximum speed: 321.25 mph
Ju.88 V-6 Maximum speed: 301 mph Service ceiling: 22,300 ft Range: 1520 miles
Ju.88 V-7 Maximum speed: 340 mph Service ceiling: 32,800 ft Range: 1660 miles
Ju 88 V25 Prototype B-3 (destroyer) only one machine built.
Ju 88 V27 D-AWLN, B-series prototype.
Junkers Ju 88 A series Development of the prototype V-6 as production aircraft. Corresponding to the prototypes, only the armament were strengthened and the prop replaced by a three-blade. The front bomb bay was omitted, but the machines received four bomb racks under the wings. The electrical undercarriage was replaced by a hydraulic system. Service ceiling: 22,700 ft
Ju 88 A-0 Pre-production model, similar to the A-1.
Ju88 A-1 First standard type, production starting from 1939. Powered by two Jumo B-1. The machine served as horizontal and dive bombers.. Maximum speed w/ext bombload: 276 mph Max speed SL: 279 mph Max speed 16,000 ft: 281 mph Cruise speed: 220 mph Landing speed: 87 mph Climb rate: 1370 fpm Climb to 16,400 ft: 25 min 35 sec Service ceiling: 26,700 ft Range: 935 miles Range: 1550 miles max Fuel capacity: 369-638 gal + 788 gal aux aft bomb bay tank Crew of 4 2500 kg bomb load, four mg 15
Ju 88 A-2 Modification of the Ju 88 A-1 with special equipment for catapult takeoff. Maximum speed: 266 mph Climb to 16,400 ft: 25 min 35 sec Service ceiling: 22,300 ft Range: 1550 miles max
Ju 88A-3 Training version of the A-1 with dual controls and more appropriate instruments. Maximum speed: 266 mph Climb to 16,400 ft: 25 min 35 sec Service ceiling: 22,300 ft Range: 1550 miles max
Ju88A-4 Mass production version as horizontal and dive bombers with 20,08 m increased span, strengthened armament, increased bomb load, more efficient engines and strengthened airframe. Type: Twin-engine middle horizontal and dive bomber. Wing: Cantilever low-wing aircraft. Two-spar complete metal wing. Dive brakes at height of the front spar outside of the engine cowls under the outerwings. Warm air wing de-icing. Structure made of metal, rudders material-covers. Trim tabs in all rudders. Inflatable rubber nose for the snow and ice removal of the horizontal stabilizer. Retractable undercarriage hydraulically operated. Hydraulically brakable main wheels. Tail landing gear retractable. Engine: Two Junkers Jumo 211 J liquid-cooled with 1410 HP take-off power. Liquid and oil cooling sections containing ring radiators. Dreiblatt VDM or Junkers adjustable metal propellers. Wingspan: 20.0 m / 65 ft 7 in Length: 14.40 m / 47 ft 3 in Height: 4.85 m / 15 ft 11 in Wing area: 54.50 sq.m / 586.63 sq ft Max take-off weight: 14000 kg / 30865 lb Empty weight: 9860 kg / 21738 lb Fuel capacity of 2900 litres in 5 tanks, between the two cross-beams. 2 x of 415 litres, 2 x of 425 litres, and 1 x of 1220 litres fuel tanks. A further tank with 680 litres contents could be built in the bomb bay. Crew: 4 Max. speed: 470 km/h / 292 mph Max speed 17,500 ft: 292 mph Max speed 19,680 ft: 280 mph Cruise speed: 240 mph Climb rate: 1312 fpm Climb to 16,400 ft: 25 min 35 sec Climb to 17,500 ft: 23 min 0 sec Service Ceiling: 8200 m / 26900 ft Range: 1112 miles normal Range w/max.fuel: 2730 km / 1696 miles Armament: 4 x mg 81, 1 x mg 131 Bomb load up to 3000 kg. Four bomb racks under the wing centre for 2 x 1000 kg or 4 x 500 kg or 2 x 1000 and 2 x 250/500 kg. In addition 10 x 50 kg in the bimb bay.
Ju.88A-4R Max speed 17,500 ft: 273 mph Climb to 16,400 ft: 25 min 35 sec Climb to 17,500 ft: 23 min 0 sec Service ceiling: 27,850 ft Range: 1550 miles max Range: 650 miles Range: 1110 miles full bombload
Ju 88A-5 Version with two Jumo 211 g-engines 1100-1300 hp and the increased bomb additional load of the A-4, otherwise as the A-1. Maximum speed: 280 mph Climb to 16,400 ft: 25 min 35 sec Service ceiling: 27,850 ft Range: 1398 miles
Ju 88A-6 Modification of the A-5 with balloon cutting device. The entire construction weighed 322 kg, which had to become balanced by 59 kg weight in the tail. In addition the cutter device reduced speed by 30 km/h.Only operated for a few months then converted to sea-reconnaissance aircraft, later joining 200 “Hohentwiel”. Engines: 2 x Junkers Jumo 211 G1, 1200 hp Range: 1200 mi Range ext.fuel: 1500 mi Top speed: 317 mph Service ceiling: 26,000-30,000 ft Armament: 4-7 mg Bombload: 2 ton
Ju.88A-6U Maximum speed: 260 mph Climb to 16,400 ft: 25 min 35 sec Service ceiling: 23,620 ft Range: 1860 miles
Ju 88A-7 Trainer aircraft, derived from the A-4, with two Jumo 211 H. Maximum speed: 289 mph Climb to 16,400 ft: 25 min 35 sec Service ceiling: 23,620 ft Range: 1550 miles max
Ju 88A-8 Similarly to the A-4, but with “Kuto nose” with balloon cut-off press appliance. Equipped with two Jumo 211 H.
Ju 88A-9 Tropical version of the Ju 88 A-1. Additional special equipment included water tanks, sun visors, rifles and sleeping bags.
Ju 88A-10 Tropical version of the Ju 88 A-5.
Ju 88 A-11 Tropical version of the Ju 88 A-4.
Ju 88A-12 Training aircraft with dual controls, changes from the A-4, with the widened cockpit. Maximum speed: 260 mph Climb to 16,400 ft: 25 min 35 sec Service ceiling: 23,620 ft
Ju 88A-13 Attack airplane derivative of the Ju 88 A-4, without dive brakes, but with increased armour. This version had, so-called “watering cans” with two containers under the wing centre, each container contained 4 x mg 81, fixed forward down aiming and four fixed rear down firing. Maximum speed: 260 mph Climb to 16,400 ft: 25 min 35 sec Service ceiling: 23,620 ft
Ju 88A-14 Naval bomber for ship target engagement with stronger armour and without dive brakes. The machine was equipped with two Jumo 211 j-engines and had an additional MG/FF. Maximum speed: 273 mph Climb to 16,400 ft: 25 min 35 sec Service ceiling: 23,620 ft Range: 1550 miles max
Ju 88A-15 Bomber with a wood bomb bay, an additional load of 3000 kg and two mg 15. Three man crew. Service ceiling: 23,620 ft Range: 1550 miles max
Ju 88A-16 Training aircraft. Derived from the A-14.
Ju 88A-17 Torpedo airplane with three man crew. Derived from A-14. Maximum speed: 295 mph Climb to 16,400 ft: 25 min 35 sec Service ceiling: 28,215 ft Range: 1860 miles
Ju 88 B-0 Ten airplanes as long-range reconnaissance aircraft. The cockpit resembled that of the Ju 188. Four man crew, 3 mg 81 Z armament. Maximum speed: 332 mph Cruise speed: 310 mph Landing speed: 109 mph Service ceiling: 30,840 ft Range: 1550 miles norm Range: 1770 miles max
Ju 88 B-3 Destroyer version with two BMWS 801-Motoren. Three mg 17 and a mg 151 were fixed. For reconnaissance missions type Rb 50/30 or 20/30 cameras could be carried.
Ju.88C Engines: Junkers Jumo Maximum speed: 311 mph Cruise speed: 278 mph Climb to 16,400 ft: 13 min 48 sec Service ceiling: 22,400 ft Range: 650 miles Range: 1540 miles aux tanks, no load
Ju.88C-6 Max speed 19,680 ft: 306 mph Landing speed: 90 mph Climb to 19,680 ft: 12 min 45 sec Service ceiling: 32,500 ft Range: 645 miles normal Range: 1243 miles max
Ju.88C-6c Engines: 2 x Junkers Jumo 211J-1 or J-2, 1340 hp Span: 65 ft 7.5 in Length: 47 ft 1 in Height: 16 ft 7.5 in Empty weight: 19,973 lb Combat weight: 27,225 lb Max speed: 303 mph at 18,685 ft Cruise: 279 mph Service ceiling: 32,480 ft Range: 1230 mi Armament: 3 x 20mm MG FF/M cannon / 4 x 7.9 mm mg / 2 x 20mm MG 151 Radar: FuG 202 Lichtenstein BC
Ju88 D0/D1 Recon aircraft with 2 x Jumo 211J-1 as A4 with radar equipment, 330 built since 1940
Ju.88D-1 Maximum speed: 295 mph Cruise speed: 264 mph Landing speed: 87 mph Service ceiling: 28,215 ft Range: 1830 miles
Ju.88G Max speed SL: 270 mph Max speed 29,855 ft: 389 mph w/MW-50 boost Endurance: 3 hr 45 min
Ju.88G-1 Max speed 27,900 ft: 342 Service ceiling: 32,500 ft Range: 1550 miles max
Ju.88G-6 Wing span: 65 ft 10.5 in Length: 47 ft 1.5 in Speed: 311 mph at 20,000 ft Ceiling: 32,500 ft Range: 1950 miles Armament: 3 x 20mm cannon, 3 x 7.9mm mg, 2 x 20mm Schräge Musik cannon Crew: 3
Ju.88G-7 Max speed 33,455 ft: 363 mph Climb rate: 1645 fpm Climb to 30,185 ft: 26 min 24 sec Range: 1420 miles
Ju.88G-7b Engines: 2 x Junkers Jumo 213E, 1725 hp Span: 65 ft 7.5 in Length: 47ft 8.5 in Height: 15 ft 11 in Empty weight: 28,900 lb Combat weight: 30,480 lb Max speed: 363 mph at 33,500 ft Cruise: 270 mph Service ceiling: 34,000 ft Range: 1400 mi Armament: 6 x 20mm MG 151 cannon / 1 x 13 mm mg Radar: FuG 240 Berlin or FuG 219 Neptun V
Ju.88G-7C Maximum speed: 402 mph
Ju.88H Range: 2980 miles norm Range: 3200 miles max Endurance: 12 hr
Ju.88H-1 Maximum speed: 260 mph Cruise speed: 230 mph Landing speed: 87 mph Service ceiling: 26,240 ft Range: 1240 miles
Ju.88K Max speed 15,600 ft: 317 mph Cruise speed: 264 mph Service ceiling: 29,800 ft Range: 1310 miles Endurance: 5 hr 30 min
Ju.88P-4 Maximum speed: 260 mph Cruise speed: 230 mph Landing speed: 87 mph Service ceiling: 26,240 ft Range: 1240 miles
Ju.88R-2 Maximum speed: 360 mph Cruise speed: 315 mph Landing speed: 99 mph Service ceiling: 30,175 ft Range: 1860 miles
Ju.88S-1 Maximum speed: 372 mph Max speed 26,250 ft: 379 mph w/GM-1 boost Max speed 27,900 ft: 382 mph Cruise speed: 289 mph Climb rate: 1804 fpm Service ceiling: 34,450 ft / 37,750 w/GM boost Range: 1240 miles Endurance: 5 hr 45 min
Ju.88S-2 Max speed 32,800 ft: 384 mph
Ju.88T-3 Max speed 3290 ft: 404 mph Max speed 27,900 ft: 410 mph w/GM-1 boost Range: 2000 miles
All Aero 