Hovey Whing-Ding

Single seat single engined biplane with conventional three axis control. Wings have un¬swept leading and trailing edges, and constant chord, conventional tail. Pitch control by elevator on tail; yaw control by fin mounted rudder; roll control by full span ailerons on each wing; control inputs through stick for pitch/roll and bar for yaw. Wing braced by struts, and transverse X cables; wing profile Hovey 10; double surface. Tail surfaces of plywood-reinforced foam core. Undercarriage has three wheels in tail dragger formation. Fiberglass-covered laminated fir suspension on main wheels. Push right go right tailwheel steering connected to yaw control. Mahogany plywood closed-box fuselage, without pod, 3” aluminum tube tail boom foam filled for stiffness. Fuselage accommodates seat, rudder bar, standard controls and wing spar sockets. Engine mounted between wings driving pusher propeller.
Bob Hovey started to design the Whing Ding in October 1970 and at the same time he started to build the prototype. The result was that it accomplished its first flight in February 1971, only five months later.

Hovey Whing-Ding Article

Bob’s objective was to design a single seater which was easy to build in minimum time, offering the qualities of a STOL aircraft (short take off and landing), and quickly demountable to fit on to its specially designed road trailer. This 15-hp, 300-pound gross-weight biplane is the ultimate in lightness and simplicity. The tail surfaces are constructed from ½-inch thick Styrofoam art-board faced with high strength kraft paper on both sides, with the critical areas reinforced with 1/8-inch plywood gussets. The tail boom is a 3-inch aluminum pipe filled with foam to resist buckling. The fuselage is basically a 6-inch wide box of plywood filled with foam that serves as an engine mount and a mast support for the wings. The prop is belt-driven from a 15-hp McCulloch two-cycle go-kart engine. The wings have two spars and are fabric covered. The prototype established a record for light aircraft, with an empty weight of less than 121 lb (55 kg), but its designer had to abandon the original design of the tail structure which was made from polyurethane foam covered in kraft paper.
The wing section is an in house design, the Hovey 10, and the two wings are of equal span, staggered by 4O and having 1 O of dihedral. Their structure is a twin spar design in wood, using tubular metal ribs and with a polyurethane foam leading edge, the covering being fabric. The fuselage has a pine frame with mahogany plywood cladding and is filled with polyurethane foam. The pilot sits in front in the open air and leans back on a pylon which joins the two wings and also carries engine. The wings on each side are joined by two straight struts and rigged with two flying and landing wires in an X configuration on each half wing. Construction of the Ding requires around 400 hr.

Dec 73 – Feb 74

Engine: McCulloch MC-¬101AA, 12.5 hp at 8000 rpm.
Propeller diameter 48 inch, 1.22m.
No reduction.
Power per unit area 0.13 hp/sq.ft, 1.4 hp/sq.m.
Fuel capacity 0.5 US gal, 0.4 Imp gal, 2.0 litre.
Length overall 13.0 ft, 3.96 m.
Height overall 5.33ft, 1.62m.
Wing span 17.0ft, 5.18m.
Dihedral 1 deg.
Sweepback 0 deg.
Total wing area 98 sq.ft, 9.1sq.m.
Wing aspect ratio 2.9/1.
Empty weight 122 lb, 55kg.
Max take off weight 310 lb, 140kg.
Payload 188 lb, 85kg.
Max wing loading 3.16 lb/sq.ft, 15.4kg/sq.m.
Max power loading 24.8 lb/hp, 11.2kg/hp.
Max level speed 50mph, 80kph.
Never exceed speed 60mph, 97 kph.
Max cruising speed 40 mph, 64 kph.
Stalling speed 26 mph, 42 kph.
Max climb rate at sea level 100ft/min, 0.5m/s.
Take off distance 250 ft, 75 m.
Landing distance 150 ft, 45 m.
Service ceiling 4000 ft, 1220 m.
Range at average cruising speed 20 mile, 32 km.

Hp range: 8-15
Length: 13 ft
Wingspan: 17 ft
Wingarea: 98 sq.ft
Empty weight: 122 lb
Gross weight; 310 lb
Fuel capacity: 1 USG
Top speed: 45 mph
Cruise: 35 mph
Stall: 28 mph
Range: 28 nm
ROC: 200 fpm
TO dist: 250 ft
Landing dist: 100 ft
Service ceiling: 2000 ft
Seats: 1
Landing gear: tailwheel

Engine: McCulloch, 12 hp
Hp range: 8-15
Length: 13 ft
Wingspan: 17 ft
Wingarea: 98 sq.ft
Empty weight: 123 lb
Gross weight: 310 lb
Fuel capacity: 3 USG
Cruise: 35 mph
Stall: 24 mph
ROC: 200 fpm
TO dist: 250 ft
Landing dist: 100 ft
Seats: 1
Landing gear: tailwheel
LSA: yes

Hovey Delta Hawk

The Delta Hawk is all pop-riveted aluminum tube construction covered with light weight dacron. Full span aileron with three-axis controls.

In 1984 the 40 hp Hovey Delta Hawk was sold as plans, $80, plans plus material kit, or fully assembled for $9250.

Gallery

Gross Wt. 446 lb.
Empty Wt. 248 lb.
Fuel capaci¬ty 3 USG.
Wingspan 24ft.
Engine Kawasaki 440
Reduction 2.25/1.
Cruise 45 mph.
Stall 27 mph.
Climb rate 700 ft

Hovey Delta Bird

Single seat single engined biplane with conventional three axis control. Wing has unswept leading and trailing edges, and constant chord; conventional tall. Pitch control by elevator on tail; yaw control by fin mounted rudder; roll control by full span ailerons on upper wing; control inputs through stick for pitch/roll and pedals for yaw. Wing braced by struts and transverse X cables; wing profile; double surface. Undercarriage has three wheels in tail dragger formation. Push right go right tailwheel steering connected to yaw control. Aluminium tube framework, without pod. Engine mounted between wings driving tractor propeller. Tubing from 6061T6 aluminium; galvanised steel rigging; Dacron wing covering.

This three axis machine is a biplane which was revealed to the public at the EAA convention for amateur constructors, Oshkosh, in August 1982, where it was hailed as a modernised version of the Whing Ding II with a simpler structure and more power. The adoption of an aluminium tubular structure allowed Aircraft Specialties to offer the Delta Bird in plan form, as with the other two aircraft, but also as a kit requiring around 200 h for assembly. In place of the pusher common to the Beta Bird and the Whing Ding II, the motor is mounted as a tractor on a triangular framework at the front of the main framework. The exhaust pipe passes under this triangular section and finishes by the junction of the two triangular frameworks which support the main wheels, an arrangement designed to allow all terrain use. The machine retains conventional controls with ailerons on the trailing edges of the two top wings, a rudder hinging from the fin and the elevators from the horizontal stabiliser; they are all of generous proportions.

Engine: Cuyuna 430R, 30 hp at 5500 rpm.
Propeller diameter and pitch 54 x 27 inch, 1.37 x 0.69 m.
Belt reduction, ratio 2.0/1.
Power per unit area 0.20 hp/sq.ft, 2.1 hp/sq.m.
Fuel capacity 3.5 US gal, 2.9 Imp gal, 13.2 litre.
Length overall 15.0 ft, 4.57 m.
Height overall 6.0ft, 1.83m.
Wing span 24.0ft, 7.31m.
Constant chord 3.5 ft, 1.07 m.
Sweepback 0 deg.
Tailplane span 8.0 ft, 2.44 m.
Fin height 3.7 ft, 1.13 m.
Total wing area 152 sq.ft, 14.1 sq.m.
Fin area 9.0 sq.ft, 0.84sq.m .
Tailplane area 20.0 sq.ft, 1.86 sq.m.
Wing aspect ratio 6.9/1.
Wheel track 6.3ft, 1.92 m.
Main wheels diameter overall 15 inch, 39 cm.
Empty weight 218 lb, 99kg.
Max take off weight 450 lb, 204kg.
Payload 232 lb, 105 kg.
Max wing loading 2.96 lb/sq.ft, 14.5 kg/sq.m.
Max power loading 15.0 lb/hp, 6.8kg/hp.
Load factors +3.5, 3.5 design; +5.3, 5.3 ulti¬mate.
Max level speed 60mph, 97kph.
Never exceed speed 60mph, 97kph.
Max cruising speed 45mph, 72kph.
Stalling speed 26 mph, 42 kph.
Max climb rate at sea level 400 ft/min, 2.0 m/s.
Best glide ratio with power off 6/1.
Take off distance 250 ft, 75 m.
Landing distance 250 ft, 75 m.
Range at average cruising speed 50 mile, 80km.

Hovey Beta Bird

The Beta Bird, designed in 1977 but not flown until April 1979 at Mojave, California, is a high wing monoplane version of the Whing Ding II, with which it shares a common fuselage. Like the biplane, the conventional tailplane is carried on a tubular boom and there is a tailwheel undercarriage. Wing profile Hovey BB 14. Brakes on main wheels. Engine mounted below wing. The Beta Bird was initially known as the Bushwacker.
Flight handling characteristics are very good, with an extremely docile stall. Rugged reliability was proven in off-airport operations in high desert country. Single-place, single-engine, strut-braced monoplane followup to Whing Ding II biplane, using drooperons. Stick-and-rudder 3-axis controls. Nose cowl and instrument panel included. Landing gear: Two mains with large 600×6 wheels & tires (from Cessna 150) for rough-field operation, using individually operated hydraulic toe brakes. Tail-wheel non-swiveling, steered with rudder cable linkage. Powerplant: Converted VW engine, pusher mounted, direct drive to 54×24 prop. It is powered by a 1,385-cc converted VW engine and offers the homebuilder simplified methods of construction. The wings fold for transport or storage. The fuselage pod is plywood and spruce construction with a stiffened aluminum tail boom to support the tail. The wings are spruce in a two-spar configuration, and the ribs are single-piece aluminum tubes. The tail group is fabricated from aluminum tubing, pop-riveted together with gussets and covered with Dacron. Only 250 feet are needed for takeoff and landing, and the 7 1/2-gallon fuel tank is good for 180 miles.

Engine: Volkswagen 1385cc, 45 hp.
Power per unit area 0.52 hp/sq.ft, 5.6 hp/sq.m.
Length overall 16.5 ft, 5.02 m.
Height overall 6.0ft, 1.83m.
Wing span 25.5ft, 7.77m.
Sweepback 0 deg.
Total wing area 87 sq.ft, 8.1 sq.m.
Wing aspect ratio. 7.3/1.
Empty weight 405 lb, 184kg.
Max take off weight 650 lb, 295kg.
Payload 245 lb, 111kg.
Max wing loading 7.47 lb/sq.ft, 36.4kg/sq.m.
Max power loading 14.4 lb/hp, 6.6kg/hp.
Max level speed 85 mph, 137 kph.
Never exceed speed 95 mph, 153kph.
Cruising speed 70mph, 113kph.
Stalling speed 40 mph, 64 kph.
Max climb rate at sea level 400ft/min, 2.0m/s.
Take off distance 250 ft, 75 m.
Range at average cruis¬ing speed 130 mile, 209 km.

Engine: VW 1800cc
hp Range: 50-85
Length: 16.5 ft
Wingspan: 26 ft
Wing area; 110 sq.ft
Empty weight; 405 lb
Gross weight: 650 lb
Fuel cap: 7.5 USG
Cruise: 80 mph
Stall: 45 mph
Rate of climb: 750 fpm
Takeoff dist: 250 ft
Landing dist: 150 ft
Seats: 1
Landing gear: tailwheel
LSA: yes

Hornet Microlights Invader 330 / Striker

The Invader 330 is a one plus one derivative of the Invader 440 (side by side one/two seat), using the smaller Robin EC34PM engine and a Flexiform Sky Sails Striker wing.

Engine: Robin EC34PM.
Toothed belt reduction.
Length overall 11.0ft, 3.35 m.
Wing span 34.5 ft, 10.52 m.
Sweep back 15 degs.
Total wing area 200 sq.ft, 18.6 sq.m.
Wing aspect ratio 7.5/1.
Wheel track 4.3 ft, 1.31 m.
Nosewheel diameter overall 16 inch, 41 cm.
Main wheels diameter overall 16 inch, 41 cm.

Hornet Microlights Invader 440 / Dual Striker

Hornet/Flexiform Sky Sails Invader 440/Dual Striker – A side by side two seat single engined flex wing aircraft with weight shift control. Rogallo wing with keel pocket. Pilot suspended below wing in trike unit, using bar to control pitch and yaw/rod by altering relative positions of trike unit and wing. Wing braced from above by kingpost and cables, from below by cables; bowsprit construction with 65% double surface; pre formed ribs. Undercarriage has three wheels in tricycle formation; steel spring suspension on nosewheel and rubber suspension on main wheels. Push right go left nose¬wheel steering independent from yaw control. Brakes on main wheels. Aluminium tube/ glass fibre trike unit, partially enplosed. Engine mounted below wing driving pusher propeller. All major components made from aircraft quality materials.
The Invader gives weather protection, quick rigging and ease of ground handling a high priority. The wind tunnel developed trike unit is almost fully enclosed, only the sides being open, and is of mono pole construction. The mono pole is an aerofoil rather than the usual round section and is mated to a one piece rear axle instead of the two piece plus tie wire arrangement commonly used with mono poles.
To cope with rough field operation, all three wheels have suspension and in addition the nose wheel geometry is arranged to give a self stabilising effect, so that the aircraft runs true even if the pilot makes a less than perfect touchdown. A hand operated brake is fitted to the main wheels, arranged so that it can be used as a parking brake. The fuel tank is made from aluminium alloy with internal baffles.
Rigging is confined to the wing and is hence claimed to take a maximum of 15 minutes. The trike unit has road tyres on the rear, running on stainless steel axles and taper=roller bearings, so that it can be towed complete on its own wheels. Wing fitment is the Flexiform Skysails Dual Striker, a fast wing which Hornet designer Richard Wolfenden says is well matched to the new trike unit.

Length overall 14.0 ft, 4.27 m.
Height overall 12.5 ft, 3.80m.
Wing span 38.0 ft, 11.58m.
Chord at root 9.0 ft, 2.74m.
Chord at tip 3.5ft, 1.07m.
Dihedral 2 degs.
Sweepback 15 degs.
Keel pocket depth 1.2ft, 0.37m.
Total wing area 250 sq.ft
23.2 sq.m.
Keel pocket area 3.5 sq.ft, 0.33 sq.m.
Wing aspect ratio 6.0/1.
Wheel track 4.3 ft, 1.31 m.
Nosewheel diameter overall 16 inch, 41 cm.
Main wheels diameter overall 16 inch, 41 cm.
Engine: Robin EC44, 50 hp.
Propeller diameter and pitch 60×34 inch, 1.52×0.86m.
Toothed belt reduction, ratio 2.8/1.
Max static thrust 280 lb, 127kg.
Power per unit area 0.20hp/sq.m, 2.2 hp/sq.m.
Fuel capacity 5.0 US gal, 4.2 Imp gal, 19.1 litre.
Empty weight 290 lb, 132kg.
Max take off weight 682 lb, 309kg.
Payload 392 lb, 1.78kg.
Max wing loading 2.73 lb/sq.m, 13.3 kg/sq.m.
Max power loading 13.6 lb/hp, 6.2 kg/hp.
Load factors +4.5, 2.0 design.