LiteCraft Bearcat

The Bearcat is a high-performance, rigid-wing, amateur-built aircraft with an all-steel 4130 chrome-moly (linseed oil flushed) fuselage frame that provides a tremendous amount of pilot protection and is resistant to vibration and rough-field conditions. This feature will increase the airframe life expectancy over the current aluminum tube airframes found on most ultra-light-type amateur-built aircraft, the company says. The tractor engine mounting and the 4130 chrome-moly bungee shock-absorbing landing gear are capable of absorbing impact in the event of an accident. The standard Bearcat is powered by a 42-hp Rotax 447 engine with the gear-drive reduction unit for a lightweight but efficient power package. The engine will produce 340 pounds of static thrust turning a 68 x 28 propeller. The airframe will accept engines of up to 65 hp. Another high-performance design feature incorporated in the Bearcat is the full-span trailing edge flaperons. The flaperons will be operated as flaps by lever and at the same time be operated as ailerons. When extended up to 40 degrees of, flaps, the wing will exhibit a higher lifting capability, decreasing the takeoff roll and increasing the climb capabilities. Flaperon extension will also create a downdraft on the spray pattern on the AG version to ensure better crop penetration of chemical. The airframe is stressed for +6 and -4 G’s.

Powerplant: Rotax 447 42 hp @ 6450 rpm.
Propeller: 66 x 28 wood.
Length: 17 ft 6 in.
Height (ft): 6.
Wingspan (ft): 30.
Wing area (sq.ft.): 150.
Wing loading (lbs/sq.ft.): 3.8.
Seats: 1.
Empty weight (lbs): 275.
Useful load (lbs): 300.
Maximum takeoff weight (lbs): 575.
Fuel capacity (USG): 5 (10 opt.).
Takeoff roll (ft): 150.
Takeoff over 50-foot obstacle (ft): 650.
Rate of climb (fpm): 800.
Max cruise speed (mph): 70.
Landing roll (ft): 150.
Landing over 50-foot obstacle (ft): 350.
Best rate of climb (mph): 40.
Design speed (mph): 55.
Never exceed (mph): 90.
Stall, power off (mph): 28.
Landing approach speed (mph): 35-40.
Optional equipment: Instrumenta¬tion, wheel fairing, brakes, floats.

Lischak Mobil Racer LW02

Willy Lischak of Bad Vosslau, Austria, designed and built the wood and foam Mobil Racer LW02.

On 21 June 1986 Lischak set two class C-1.A/O Group 1 (for aircraft under 661 lb) world records.
Distance in a closed circuit – 932.72 miles
1000 km closed circuit speed – 106.52 mph

On 24 May 1987 he upped both records to 1032.2 miles and 116.292 mph.

Engine: Steyr-Puch 751cc, 26 hp at 4000 rpm
Wing span: 17.71 ft
Length: 14.43 ft
Empty weight: 352.72 lb
Gross weight: 661.37 lb

LISA Airplanes Akoya

The LISA Akoya (Akoya is a species of pearl oyster) is a light aircraft designed to operate from land, water or snow without adaptation and incorporating a wing of variable area.

First flying on 22 August 2007 the LISA Akoya is a French single-engine light aircraft, seating two in side-by-side configuration. It is an amphibious aircraft capable of alighting on land, water or snow without adaptation. It has a high-aspect-ratio electrically-folding wing, with trailing edge extensions rather than flaps, and a rear-mounted tractor configuration engine.

Some other features are unusual: it has a wing which folds for transportation by horizontal rotation through almost 90° and a single engine mounted high on the fin in tractor configuration. It is built entirely from carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer composites.

The cantilever wings of the Akoya have an aspect ratio of about 18:1, they have constant chord apart from the angled tips. Instead of conventional hinged flaps, the inner 2⁄3 of the trailing edge can be extended rearwards, exposing new fabric surface stored within the wing in roller blind fashion. Fully extended for landing and half extended for take-off, these surfaces provide a large increase in wing area. Conventional ailerons are fitted outboard. High mounted, the wings attach at a rotatable fairing on the highest point of the fuselage, allowing the rotation for storage.

The fin and rudder together form a swept, short and parallel chord surface which carries at its top both the tailplane in T-tail configuration and the engine. The tailplane, like the wing, is of high aspect ratio and has full span elevators. The engine is a 73.5 kW (98.6 hp) Rotax 912 ULS flat four, driving a three bladed tractor propeller.

The Akoya’s fuselage is pointed at the nose and almost circular at its greatest diameter. In elevation it has a curved underside and, above, the large one piece canopy over the side-by-side, dual control cabin forms an unbroken line with the fuselage. There is an electrically operated retractable undercarriage of the taildragger variety, with the main gear legs rotating backward and inwards into the fuselage, and the tailwheel arm rotating forward. All wheels have hydraulic brakes. Operation from water, without a planing bottom or floats, is performed undercarriage up on the round fuselage underside with the aid of a pair of fixed hydrofoils, called shark-fins, sharply tapered planes set at about 50° to the vertical just outboard of the mainwheels. Small tip floats are an option for better lateral stability on water. The Akoya, it is claimed by the manufacturer, can also land on snow, though skis are an option.

A full-size mock-up appeared at the Friedrichshafen Aero ’07 show in April 2007, and the prototype flew in August 2007 at Chambery. By May 2009 F-WURE had flown 150 hours and 50 orders placed. Production was initially expected by mid-2011.

In March 2012 the company was pursuing light-sport aircraft approval of the design to facilitate sales in the United States.

In July 2012 the prototype had flown its first passenger and has been exhibited at AirVenture 2012. LSA approval and the start of production was still pending. Also in July 2012, the company was placed in receivership for financial restructuring after existing investors were not forthcoming with additional funds.

By February 2013 a 75% controlling interest in the company had been purchased by the Heima Mining Company of China for US$20 million. The Heima Mining Company was to name its own chairman of LISA and planed to open two new production lines in France. The Chinese investment permitted finalizing the Akoya’s design for production.

In late 2014 the aircraft was priced “all inclusive” at 300,000 Euros. In July 2015 information about the aircraft was shown at AirVenture, and the price was indicated as US$330,000, and the company claimed about 100 orders.

In March 2017 it was announced that an updated second-prototype would fly in April 2017, it included a new retractable landing gear that would enable the aircraft to operate on water, land and snow.

The second prototype, Pre-Series 1, first flew in August 2017 and features revised fuselage fins, that are horizontal, instead of canted downwards. This change enabled shortening the main landing gear legs to improve cockpit visibility when taxiing.

Akoya
Engine: 1 × Rotax 912 ULS with 1:2.34 reduction gear, 73.5 kW (98.6 hp)
Propeller: 3-bladed
Wingspan: 11.00 m (36 ft 1 in)
Wing area: 6.70 sq.m (72.1 sq ft)
Length: 6.90 m (22 ft 8 in)
Height: 2.35 m (7 ft 9 in) including propeller
Empty weight: 400 kg (882 lb)
Max takeoff weight: 650 kg (1,433 lb)
Fuel capacity / normal: 70 l (18 US gal; 15 imp gal)
Fuel capacity / optional: 110 l (29 US gal; 24 imp gal)
Cruise speed: 210 km/h (130 mph, 110 kn) economical
Stall speed: 64 km/h (40 mph, 35 kn) flaps down
Never exceed speed: 290 km/h (180 mph, 160 kn)
Range: 1,250 km (780 mi, 670 nmi) at economical cruising speed without optional tank
Rate of climb: 5.2 m/s (1,020 ft/min) maximum
Seats: 2
Avionics: VHF, intercom, transponder. Two screen EFIS with emergency backup instruments

Lippisch Delta 1

By 1931 Alexander Lippisch had progressed to a triangular wing form which he called ‘delta’, and his Delta 1 was ready for demonstration to top German aviation ministry officials at Berlin’s Templehof airport. The test pilot, Gunther Gronhoff, performed a low level aerobatic routine (even spinning the 30 hp Bristol Cherub powered delta), they remained unconvinced. Lippisch would not get an airworthiness certificate, they declared, until he put tails on his aircraft.

Lippisch 1929 Glider

Alexander Lippisch in 1929 built a flapping wing glider on which the wing movement was operated by the pilot’s legs in the manner of one of those rowing machine. Lippisch’s aircraft was launched by a rubber bungee, and was therefore man assisted rather than man-powered, but it did manage flights up to 275 m (300 yards).

Lipnur NU-200 Sikumbang

The NU-200 Sikumbang (Bee) was designed in 1953 by Major Nurtanio Pringgoadisuryo of the Experimental Section of the Indonesian Air Force’s Technical Staff.

Of mixed construction, the wing being of all-wood construction with plywood covering and the fuselage being a welded steel-tube structure with metal covering. The Sikumbang was to carry a fixed forward-firing armament of two machine guns and various underwing stores.

The prototype Sikumbang was first flown on 1 August 1954 and the type was intended as a light ground support monoplane.

Engine: 200 hp de Havilland Gipsy Six
Wingspan: 34 ft 9.5 in
Length: 26 ft 9 in
Height: 11 ft
Loaded weight: 2400 lb
Max speed: 160 mph at SL
Cruise: 140 mph
ROC: 1000 fpm
Service ceiling: 16,500 ft
Range: 600 mi
Seats: 2

Lipkowski Helicopter

Jozef Lipkowski, a Polish engineer and inventor working in France and Russia, designed a huge helicopter-type flying machine in Russia at the end of 1904. According to descriptions in the contemporary press, the proposed aircraft featured two vertical co-axial shafts of steel tubes, to which two gigantic contra-rotating ‘screws’ (rotors) were attached. Each ‘screw’consisted of two half-circular ‘wings’ (blades) which were supported by a long steel tube and comprised a wooden ‘felloe’ and steel ‘spokes’ covered with doped silk. A nacelle, accommodating the aviators and two engines, one for vertical and the other for horizontal flight, was mounted beneath. A rudder and a propulsive airscrew on a horizontal shaft were attached to the nacelle and provided means of control.

Early in 1905 the Pitulovskie Establishments in Petersburg constructed one complete rotor for the proposed aircraft for tests which were aimed at determining whether a vertical ascent would be possible. Ground trials with the gigantic rotor device, driven by an electric motor, yielded remarkably interesting results, confirming in full the designers calculations. An official report, dated 16 March, 1905, and signed by Prof N. L. Shtchukin, who was appointed to witness and supervise the experiment, stated that Lipkowski’s rotor, consisting of two ‘half-wings’ with an overall diameter of 16m and a combined gross area of 200 sq m, which were powered by a 35hp (electric) motor, lifted 778kg at 40rpm, this indicating a lift/power ratio of 22.22kg/hp (or more than twice as good as the then best achievements).

For these initial tests the half-circular blades were set at a very efficient angle of incidence of 3.5°. Later Lipkowski made further trials with the blades set at various angles from 5° to 8°. Allowing for unforeseen contingencies and the possible loss of rotor efficiency in a complete machine, the designer accepted a lift/power ratio of 12.5kg/hp as the basis for his final calculations. Estimated weights of various elements of his giant helicopter included: two rotors 2000kg; nacelle, steering and transmission systems 1000kg; crew and fuel 1000kg; two engines 4500kg; the estimated gross weight of the machine being 8500kg. Lipkowski proposed using a 700hp engine for vertical movement and a 150hp engine for horizontal flight. In later years he went to France to see whether he could obtain the required engines, but impressed with Wrights’ and Bleriot’s flights, he came to the conclusion that the future of flying belonged to fixed-wing aircraft and abandoned work on his pioneering project.