The MiG 105-11 is a single person lifting body craft. The craft did several flights after being dropped from a modified Tu-95.
The MiG 105-11 has a turbojet engine to allow it to divert or reattempt a landing after a failed approach.
The Mikoyan MiG-35 (Russian: Микоян МиГ-35; NATO reporting name: Fulcrum-F) is a Russian multirole fighter that is designed by Mikoyan, a division of the United Aircraft Corporation (UAC). Marketed as a 4++ generation jet fighter, it is a further development of the MiG-29M/M2 and MiG-29K/KUB fighters.
The MiG-35 is powered by two FADEC RD-33MK Morskaya Osa (Russian: Морская Оса, literally: “Sea Wasp” or Chironex fleckeri) turbofans. The RD-33MK a highly improved variant of the Klimov RD-33 turbofan and was intended to power the MiG-29K and MiG-29KUB. It has 7% more power compared to the baseline model due to the use of modern materials in the cooled blades, providing a higher thrust of 9,000 kgf. In response to earlier criticism, the new engines are smokeless and include systems that reduce infrared and optical visibility. The engines may be fitted with thrust vectoring nozzles, which would result in an increase in combat efficiency by 12% to 15%, according to manufacturer claims.
The RD-33OVT engine variant comes with thrust vectoring nozzles, and can direct thrust in two axis.
The MiG-35 has a glass cockpit equipped with night-vision goggles, an additional display for the optical locator system, and a 3-equal-size color LCD multi-function display. The second-seat version of the MiG-35, the MiG-35D, has 4 LCD displays in its rear cockpit. The MiG-35D uses a tandem cockpit while single-seat versions of the MiG-35 uses the rear cockpit to store extra fuel, while retaining a two-seat canopy.
The MiG-35 is to be equipped with the new Phazotron Zhuk-A/AE active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar, the first radar of this kind installed on a Russian fighter aircraft. The Phazotron Zhuk-A/AE AESA radar offers a wider range of operating frequencies, providing better resistance to electronic countermeasures (ECMs), extended detection range and more air and ground targets detected. The FGA-35 radar type, featured 688 mm antenna and 1016 T/R modules (originally planned 1064) with initial stage performance of a 200 km detection range for 3m2 RCS target. Later detection range was raised up to 250 km. It can track up to 30 targets at any time, engaging up to 6 air targets at once, or 4 ground targets at once.
For detection of targets in the infrared spectrum, the MiG-35 is equipped with the OLS-UEM (13SM-1) electro-optical targeting station with lookdown capability against ground, sea and air targets. Its forward-looking infrared (FLIR) sensor is capable to detect airborne threats up to 55 km and provides coverage in azimuth of +/- 90-degree and +60-degree to −15-degree in elevation. There is also the OLS-K/OLS-KE podded electro-optical targeting system mounted under the right engine nacelle. It is designed to search, detect and track ground and sea targets. The system consists of infrared sensor and TV camera and is capable to detect ground targets up to 20 km and sea targets up to 40 km.
To protect the aircraft against current and future surface-to-air (SAM) missiles, the MSP-418KE compact active jammer pod can be mounted on any of the aircraft nine hardpoints.
The first prototype was a modification of the aircraft that previously served as a MiG-29M2 model demonstrator.
The single-seat version is designated MiG-35S and the two-seat version MiG-35UB. The fighter has vastly improved avionics and weapon systems, notably new precision-guided targeting capability and the uniquely designed optical locator system, which relieves the aircraft from relying on ground-controlled interception systems and enables it to conduct independent multirole missions. There is also an option for AESA radar.
First flying on 7 February 2007, Russia unveiled the MiG-35 at the 2007 Aero India air show in Bangalore, amid Moscow’s keenness to sell these planes to India. The MiG-35 was ousted from the contest in April 2011.
In May 2013, it was reported that Russia intended to order 37 aircraft. However, in August 2013, the Russian Defense Ministry reported that the purchase worth 37 billion rubles ($1.1 billion) will be delayed until 2016 due to the spending cuts in the state arms program for 2014–2016. The state tests of the MiG-35 was to begin in 2017 with completion in mid-2018 after the serial production of the aircraft would started.
During 2016, first two pre-production aircraft were in active phase of construction at the Production Center No.1 in Lukhovitsy. Both aircraft were delivered at the end of the year.
In July 2017, during the MAKS 2017 International Aviation and Space Salon, the Russian Defence Ministry agreed it will buy 24 MiG-35s as a part of the new state armament program for 2018–2027, although 37 aircraft were previously planned. Six out of the 24 MiG-35s will replace the aging MiG-29s of the Russian aerobatic team Swifts.
On 22 August 2018, during the International Military-Technical Forum «ARMY-2018», the first contract for six MiG-35s was signed.
By April 2010, pictures and additional information surfaced of two new MiG-35 demonstrators, the single-seat MiG-35 “961” and the two-seat MiG-35D “967”. According to Russian media, they first flew in autumn of 2009, and subsequently took part in MMRCA trials in India in October 2009. Both have a very high commonality with the previous MiG-29K/KUB airframes, an immediate visible difference being the braking parachute installed in place of the hook, present on the naval aircraft. Subsequently, the MiG-35D “967” appears to have been equipped with a similar AESA radar as fitted to the older MiG-35 demonstrator “154”, identifiable by the dark grey short nose radome.
On 6 September 2016, according to the general designer of the United Aircraft Corporation Sergei Korotkov, first MiG-35s were to be delivered in November 2016 to the Russian Air Force for flight testing to confirm the technical characteristics of the aircraft. First of the two aircraft, single-seat MiG-35 “702” made its first flight on 24 November 2016, followed by double-seater MiG-35UB “712” in December 2016.
On 28 January 2017, MiG officially demonstrated one of the two pre-production aircraft, MiG-35UB “712”, to the Russian government, followed by subsequent demonstration for export customers on the next day. The newly presented MiG-35 showed to be a bit different with the one unveiled in 2007, the aircraft allegedly lacked the AESA radar as well as thrust vectoring control, supposedly to keep procurement cost low to attract foreign customer.
In February 2017, it was announced a contract was signed to build another two aircraft that would join the testing.
In February 2018, MiG Aircraft Corporation announced that it had completed factory trials of the MiG-35, the certificate of the trials completion having been signed in December 2017. In May 2018, head of the United Aircraft Corporation Yuri Slyusar reported, state trials of the MiG-35 had begun. In April 2019, another MiG-35UB “11”, first took off to join the testing. This is first of the two additional pre-production aircraft for which contract was signed in February 2017.
On 17 June 2019, Russian Aerospace Forces has received first two serial MiG-35S fighters, marking the introduction of the variant into service.
The MiG-35/MiG-35D incorporate advancements of the MiG-29K/KUB and MiG-29M/M2 fighters in combat efficiency enhancement, universality and operational characteristics improvement. The main features of the new design are the fifth-generation information-sighting systems, compatibility with Russian and foreign weapons applications and an integrated variety of defensive systems to increase combat survivability. The new overall design overtakes the design concepts of the baseline model and enables the new aircraft to conduct full-scale multirole missions as their western counterparts.
New avionics includes the Phazotron Zhuk-AE active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar, the RD-33MK engines and the newly designed optical locator system, OLS-35. The number of weapon stations has increased to 10, flight range has increased by 50%, and radar visibility has been reduced.
The final configuration of the MiG-35’s onboard equipment has been left open intentionally using the MIL-STD-1553 bus. Weight load 7 tons (twice the weight load of the MiG-29).
United Aircraft Corporation subsidiary Russian Aircraft Corporation (RAC) MiG developed an export-oriented variant of its Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-35 multirole combat aircraft (MCA), which was unveiled at the MAKS 2019 aerospace show held in Zhukovskiy close to Moscow from 27 August to 1 September.
The MiG-35 export version is a 4++ generation MCA “made using some fifth-generation aircraft technologies”. The platform has been fitted with a nose-mounted radar with an active electronically scanned array (AESA), as well as an electro-optical search-and-track system installed under the fuselage for employment against land targets.
The upgraded MiG-35 has a maximum take-off weight of 24,500 kg and is powered by two 9,000 hp RD-33MK afterburning jet engines, producing a top speed of 2,100 km/h and a service ceiling of 16,000 m. “The platform also features a modular design, allowing integration of new electronic subsystems, including of foreign origin,”. Installation of a PAZ-MK refueling pod allows the platform to be employed as a tactical aerial tanker.
The MiG-35 export version has received a Russian-designed helmet-mounted target designation system and head-up display. Its armament suite comprises RVV-AE air-to-air, Kh-35UE anti-ship, and Kh-38MLE air-to-surface missiles, KAB-500 guided bombs, and various free-fall bombs.
According to the General Director of Mikoyan, Ilya Tarasenko, a carrier-based version of the MiG-35 was under development. The Radioelectronic Technologies Concern (KRET) has already adapted a new landing system to the BINS-SP-2 deck for the MiG-35.
MiG-35
Single-seat variant
Engines: 2 × Klimov RD-33MK afterburning turbofan engines, 53 kN (12,000 lbf) thrust each dry, 88.3 kN (19,900 lbf) with afterburner
Wingspan: 12 m (39 ft 4 in)
Length: 17.3 m (56 ft 9 in)
Height: 4.73 m (15 ft 6 in)
Wing area: 38 m2 (410 sq ft)
Empty weight: 11,000 kg (24,251 lb)
Gross weight: 17,500 kg (38,581 lb)
Max takeoff weight: 29,700 kg (65,477 lb)
Maximum speed at altitude: 2,400 km/h (1,500 mph, 1,300 kn)
Maximum speed at sea level: 1,450 km/h (900 mph; 780 kn) / M1.7
Maximum speed: Mach 2.2
Range: 2,400 km (1,500 mi, 1,300 nmi)
Combat range: 1,000 km (620 mi, 540 nmi)
Ferry range 3 external fuel tanks: 3,100 km (1,900 mi, 1,700 nmi)
Ferry range with aerial refuelling: 6,000 km (3,700 mi; 3,200 nmi)
Service ceiling: 19,000 m (62,000 ft)
g limits: +10
Armament: 1 × 30 mm Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-30-1 autocannon with 150 rounds
Hardpoints: 9 with up to 6,500 kg
Crew: 1
MiG-35D
Two-seat variant
MiG-35S
Single-seat serial
MiG-35UB
Two-seat serial
The Sukhoi S-37’s rival in Russia is the MiG 1.44. This experimental twin-engined fighter first flew, after many lengthy delays, in February 2000.
Designed as a replacement for the Su-27, the MiG 1.42 MFI (Mnogo-Funktsionalniy Istrebitel – Multi-Role Fighter) was publicly rolled out in January 1997.
The MiG 1.42 Mnogofunktsionalny Frontovoi Istrebitel (Multifunctional Frontline Fighter), or MFI, was designed as a response to the American F-22. Its makers, MAPO-MiG, say it will be able to outperform the most advanced US fighter, the F-22 Raptor. Like the F-22, the MiG 1.42 has a “thrust vectoring” system that gives it greater manueverability than current fighters. It also has similar stealth capabilities, employing composite materials, a special shape, S-shaped compressor channels, internal weapon storage, and perhaps an active radar cancellation system or a plasma cloud stealth system to avoid detection. Considering previous Russian fighters, such as the super-manoeuvrable Su-37, the MiG 1.42 will definitely enjoy greater manoeuvrability. Additionally, MAPO-MiG also claims that it would be stealthier than the F-22. And, since it is bigger, the MiG 1.42 will have a greater range. The MiG 1.42 is a twin-engine aircraft with a cranked delta wing, canards, twin tail fins, jet intakes under the nose, and 3D vectoring nozzles. It features the new Phazotron N-014 phased array fire control radar as well as a rear-facing N-012 radar.
The delta canard has a wing sweep of between 40 and 45 degrees, with a vortex generating dogtooth on the canard. The large wing of slender section, three sets of trailing edge control surfaces, and pronounced actuator fairings. External pylons are visible.
The stated intent of the delta canard configuration was to provide for excellent high AoA performance, and low supersonic energy bleed, by avoiding the trim drag associated with a conventional configuration.
The paired, outwardly canted vertical stabilisers are attached to a pair of large tailbooms, which house aft looking avionics and enclose the innermost trailing edge surfaces. Two ventral keels protrude beneath the vertical stabilisers, mounted on the tailbooms.
The aft fuselage is dominated by the paired and closely spaced Lyulka/Saturn AL-41F afterburning turbofans. These were to be fitted with circular thrust vectoring nozzles, which would be limited to 2D vertical vectoring should the tailboom arrangement be retained for production aircraft. The large single mainwhhels retract forward into the fuselage, close to the wing roots. The fuselage geometry provides for a modest inlet tunnel S-bend, which will reduce the inlet tunnel and compressor face RCS.
The inlets are variable, ventrally mounted, and feature a stepped multiple shock design. Two supporting struts, angled outward to reduce RCS, are employed to stiffen the inlet and nose structure. The clearance between the upper inlet lip and lower nose is intended to provide for good boundary layer separation at high AoA.
The structure is reported to comprise 30% composite materials, 35% aluminium lithium alloys, and 30% steel alloys.
MiG 1.42
Crew: 1
Engine: 2 x Lyulka AL-41F turbofans, ~200kN
Max take-off weight: 25000-30000 kg / 55116 – 66139 lb
With a potential Russian requirement for 700 training aircraft, an order is being fiercely contested by MiG-MAPO, offering the MiG-AT with SNECMA engines and avionics from Sextant of France.
Engines: 2 x GRTS Larzac 04-R20, 14.1kN
Max take-off weight: 6800 kg / 14992 lb
Wingspan: 10.6 m / 34 ft 9 in
Length: 11.2 m / 36 ft 9 in
Height: 4.3 m / 14 ft 1 in
Wing area: 21.0 sq.m / 226.04 sq ft
Max. speed: 850 km/h / 528 mph
Ceiling: 15000 m / 49200 ft
Range w/max.fuel: 1250 km / 777 miles
Range w/max.payload: 800 km / 497 miles
Crew: 2
The MiG-25 was designed to counter high-flying threats. The MiG-31 was the result of the demand to counter low-level threats, such as the B-1B and cruise missiles. Development began in 1967 and the S-155MP avionics complex was ordered for the Ye-155MP interceptor in 1968.
The Ye-155MP ‘831’ was a converted Type 83 MiG-25MP, serving as the prototype of the design, and first flew on 16 September 1975. The second prototype (‘832’), with radar, first flew 22 April 1976.
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-31 Article
Designed as a long-range, extended-endurance PVO interceptor to replace the Tu-128 and MiG-25 based on the MiG-25 many changes were necessary to improve range and flight performance at low altitude. The fuselage was strengthened to make it suitable for supersonic flight at low level. The ‘Foxhound’ is powered by two D-30F6 turbofans which improved range drastically over the MiG-25 engines. The D-30F6 needed larger air intakes and larger exhaust nozzles. The key to success of the MiG-31 as an interceptor is the Zaslon SBI-16 phased array radar. This fire control radar is capable of tracking 10 targets at ranges up to 120 kilometers (75 miles) and engage four targets at once. Tracking and engagement is the task of the WSO which is seated behind the pilot. It is armed with four long-range R-33 (AA-9 Amos) air-to-air missiles carried under the fuselage.
Two preproduction aircraft (011 and 012) built by Sokol and flown 13 July and 30 June 1977, followed by six development aircraft (201 to 203 and 301 to 303).
Full production (of about 450) started 1979 and in 1982 the NATO reporting name ‘Foxhound’ was made public. The first of 11 regiments were operational by 1983, replacing MiG-23 and Su-15 in the air defence role.
By 1987 over 150 MiG-31s were deployed across the Soviet Union, especially in the west and far east.
The MiG-31B incorporated an improved Zaslon-A fire control radar, superior long-range missiles (R-33S), additional missiles (the R-40TD medium-range missiles and R-60 short-range missiles), modernised navigation computer and new data exchange modes. The MiG-31B was also equipped with in-flight refuelling system, whereas the MiG-31BS designation was used for MiG-31B upgrades lacking this ability.
The MiG-31D was a specialised variant for the Russian equivalent of the ASAT program, carrying a single anti-satellite missile. It can be recognized by the big vertical fins at the wing tips.
In 1992 the MiG-31E (export) was first presented on the Berlin Air Show ILA. Only one aircraft was built.
The MiG-31FE was a proposed multipurpose variant of the MiG-31 with improved weapons systems and avionics. It is able to operate the majority of the Russian air-to-surface missiles. Laser and TV equipment for missile guidance would have been accommodated in an external pod. Intended for export, it did not receive any orders.
The MiG-31M is a highly improved version of the original MiG-31. It has new IRST and phased-array radar to engage six targets at the same time. It is capable of carrying the R-37, which is an improved version of the R-33 AAM. And it is also capable of carrying the R-77 (AA-12 Adder), instead of the R-40TD, which was used on the MiG-31B. The cockpit was redesigned and features three colour multi function displays. Other changes include larger fuel capacity, no gun, uprated engines, aerodynamic improvements, larger brake chute housing, redesigned nosewheel. Six prototypes were built but none were ordered.
The MiG-31BM is an upgraded MiG-31B which adds an air-to-surface capability. New onboard computer systems and a new fire control radar capable of tracking up to 24 targets simultaneously.
In 2003 a MiG-31 claimed a 100 km closed circuit speed world record of 840 kts, a time to climb to 66,550 ft world record of 8 min 23 sec and an absolute altitude world record of 72,175 ft.
Kazakhstan inherited around 30 MiG-31 Foxhounds after the break up of the Soviet Union. Some of these aircraft remained in operational service.
Reportedly a contract with China was signed in 1992 for 24 MiG-31 interceptors. The plan included a newly set-up factory in Shenyang and were expected to enter service in 2000. At some point it was expected that at least 200 MiG-31s would be deployed by 2010. The contract was either cancelled or was never signed. Instead China opted for the Su-27/30 Flanker (J-11) as their long range interceptor.
Variants:
Ye-155MP (prototype)
MiG-31 (Foxhound-A)
MiG-31B/BS (Foxhound-A)
MiG-31D
MiG-31M (Foxhound-B)
MiG-31BM
MiG-31F/FE
MiG-31E
Specifications:
MiG-31
Engines: 2 x D-30F6, 151.9kN
Max take-off weight: 41000-46000 kg / 90390 – 101413 lb
Empty weight: 29120 kg / 64199 lb
Wingspan: 13.5 m / 44 ft 3 in
Length: 22.7 m / 74 ft 6 in
Height: 6.2 m / 20 ft 4 in
Wing area: 61.6 sq.m / 663.06 sq ft
Max. speed: 3000 km/h / 1864 mph
Cruise speed: 2500 km/h / 1553 mph
Ceiling: 20000 m / 65600 ft
Range w/max.fuel: 3000 km / 1864 miles
Range w/max.payload: 1200 km / 746 miles
Armament: 1 x 23mm cannon, 8 missiles
Crew: 2
Mikoyan Gurevich MiG 31
Fighter Interceptor and Reconnaissance, Russia, 1976
Engine : 2 Klimov R 31 F, 134691 N / 13730 kp
Length : 68.898 ft / 21.0 m
Height : 18.373 ft / 5.6 m
Wingspan : 45.604 ft / 13.9 m
Wing area : 602.784 sqft / 56.0 sq.m
Max take off weight : 77175.0 lb / 35000.0 kg
Weight empty : 46812.2 lb / 21230.0 kg
Max. payload weight : 30362.9 lb / 13770.0 kg
Max. speed : 1320 kts / 2445 km/h
Service ceiling : 80052 ft / 24400 m
Wing load : 128.13 lb/sq.ft / 625.0 kg/sq.m
Range : 1026 nm / 1900 km
Crew : 2
Hardpoints: 4 under fuselage, 4 under wing.
MiG-31B ‘Foxhound-A’
Powerplant: two 151.9 kN (34,170 lb st) Aviadvigatel D-30F6 afterburning turbofans
Length 22.69m (74 ft 5¼ in)
Height 6.15m (20 ft 2¼ in)
Wing span 13.46m (44ft 2 in)
Empty weight 21.825 kg (48,115 lb)
Max Take-Off Weight 46.200 kg (101,850 lb)
Max level speed at 17,500 m (57,400 ft) more than Mach 2.8 or 3.000 km/h (1,865 mph)
Service ceiling 20,600m (67,600 ft)
Armament: one 23mm GSh-6-23 six-barrel gun / 260 rounds; eight air-to-air missiles (4 R-33 and 4 R-60 AAMs, or 3 R-33 and 2 R-40TD AAMs)
Mig-31BM
Top speed: M2.83
Designed to a 1972 requirement intended to replace the MiG-21, MiG-23, Su-15 and Su-17 with the Soviet air force, the MiG-29, originally revealed in a US satellite photograph and designated ‘Ram-L’, made its first flight on 6 October 1977. After many design changes the first deliveries of ‘Fulcrum As’ were made to Soviet Frontal Aviation in 1983, the type was declared operational early in 1985, and more than 275 were operational by early 1987, according to US estimates.
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-29 Article
The MiG-29 (NATO reporting name ‘Fulcrum’) is a single-seat air superiority fighter, developed by Mikoyan Design Bureau, Russia. Although it has little sophisticated avionics and no fly-by-wire flight control system, the MiG-29’s agility and maneuverability make it equal to the contemporary Western fighter aircraft, like the American F-16 Falcon and F-15 Eagle. The two RD-33 turbofan engines give the MiG-29 a high thrust-to-weight ratio, enabling vertical climb with acceleration. The MiG-29 was the first fighter to be equipped with dual-mode air intakes. When in the air the large intakes under the fuselage take in the air for the engines. On the ground, these intakes are closed and the much smaller intakes on top of the forward wing take in the air. This reduces the chance of objects to be sucked into the engines, enabling the MiG-29 to operate from unprepared airstrips.
The MiG-29 is equipped with the N-019 (NATO ‘Slot Back’) radar, enabling the MiG-29 to intercept air targets beyond visual range with R-27 missiles. The forward looking infra red search and track (IRST) sensor provides target aquisation for IR guided missiles, such as the R-60 and R-73 missiles. The helmet mounted target designation reticle, combined with its high turning agility and maneuvrability, enables the MiG-29 to engage targets with IR guided weapons at close range outside the MiG-29’s forward direction.
The first hard information became available when the aircraft was examined by Western authorities during an exchange visit to Finland by a MiG-29 unit in 1986. The supersonic and agile MiG-29 has a swept (45°) low-mounted wing above twin reheated turbofan engines buried in the fuselage but under the wing. The tail-plane has two vertical and two horizontal stabilisers. A conventional landing gear has twin steerable nosewheels and large single low-pressure mainwheels.
The aircraft is assessed by the Pentagon as having true look-down, shoot-down capability, with a pulse-Doppler radar and up to six AA-10 medium-range AAMs. A single six-barrel 30mm gun is mounted in the port strake, and an infrared sensor is located at the base of the wraparound forward section of the canopy.
A 17-tonne-class aircraft with a 12m wing span, the MiG-29 is powered by two l20kN Tumansky R-33D turbofans. Estimated performance includes a Mach 2.2 maximum speed at altitude, and a combat radius of 1,150km.
Development of the MiG-29K commenced in the 1980s. It is the carrier-based version of the MiG-29 fighter, conceived as an aircraft capable of effective operation from the Soviet Union’s future aircraft carriers. However, progress on the MiG-29 K was halted following the collapse of the USSR and the financial difficulties faced by its manufacturer. Interest in the MiG-29K was revived after 2000, largely due to investment from India.
India continues to utilise the MiG-29K, but this does not come without challenges. A series of accidents involving these Russian-acquired fighters has drawn international attention.
Additionally, Indian military officials have repeatedly criticised the MiG-29K for its insufficient combat capabilities, mainly due to underpowered engines (notably affecting performance during take-offs with heavy armament and substantial fuel loads) and landing gear that requires frequent maintenance.
The Warsaw Pact allies were not the first export customers for the Fulcrum. India received 44 in the first half of 1987, while Syria is reported to have taken delivery of its first aircraft. Both countries are receiving full Soviet-standard MiG-29s rather than cut-back export versions. In India the type is licence-built by Hindustan Aeronautics for the air force as the Baez (Eagle).
The MiG-29UB is a two-seat variant.
The later Fulcrum C has an enlarged avionics bay behind the cockpit and was operational with the Soviet Air Forces by 1990.
MiG-29 Fairford Collision Article
The upgraded MiG-29 Sniper demonstrator had its maiden flight in 2000, in the hands of Daimler-Chrysler Aerospaces (DASA) chief test pilot Wolfgang Schirdewann. One of the reasons for the Sniper upgrade is to present a MiG-29 that is able to respond to NATO/ICAB compatibility and interoperability requirements. Aerostar SA of Bacau, Romania, Daimler-Chrysler Aerospace (DASA) of Germany and Elbit Systems of Israel have developed the variant, which includes a new digital mission computer, communications system, navigation and identification system, displays, radar warning receiver, HOTAS (hands on throttle and stick) system and a new ABC (air data computer).
One upgraded version is the MiG-29MRCA which was offered to Austria to compete with the Eurofighter Typhoon and Saab Gripen.
More than 600 MiG-29s were in service with the former Soviet forces, and the type has been exported to Cuba, Czechoslovakia, East Germany (later serving with the Luftwaffe), Iran, Iraq, North Korea, Poland, Romania, and Yugoslavia.
Variants:
MiG-29 (Fulcrum-A)
MiG-29UB/UBT (Fulcrum-B)
MiG-29C (Fulcrum-C)
MiG-29K/KVP (Fulcrum-D)
MiG-29KUB
MiG-29G
MiG-29GT
MiG-29M/ME/MT (MiG-33)
MiG-29N
MiG-29S/SD/SE
MiG-29SMT
MiG-29MRCA/M/M2
MiG-29OVT
Operators:
Russia
Algeria
Angola
Belarus
Bangladesh
Bulgaria
Cuba
Czech Republic
Eritrea
Germany
Hungary
India
Iran
Iraq
Kazakhstan
Malaysia
Moldova
Myanmar
North Korea
Peru
Poland
Romania
Slovakia
Sudan
Syria
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
USAF (stored)
Uzbekistan
Yemen
Yugoslavia
Specifications:
Engines: 2 x Klimov RD-33, 81.4kN
Max take-off weight: 27215 kg / 59999 lb
Empty weight: 15000 kg / 33070 lb
Wingspan: 11.4 m / 37 ft 5 in
Length: 17.3 m / 56 ft 9 in
Height: 4.7 m / 15 ft 5 in
Wing area: 38.0 sq.m / 409.03 sq ft
Max. speed: 2445 km/h / 1519 mph
Ceiling: 17000 m / 55750 ft
Range w/max.fuel: 2900 km / 1802 miles
Range w/max.payload: 630 km / 391 miles
Armament: 1 x 30mm cannon, 3000kg of weapons
Crew: 1
Mikoyan Gurevich OKB MiG 29
Fighter bomber, Russia, 1978
Engine : 2 x Klimov RD 33, 79853 N / 8140 kp
Length : 55.774 ft / 17.0 m
Height : 15.42 ft / 4.7 m
Wingspan : 37.402 ft / 11.4 m
Wing area : 378.893 sqft / 35.2 sq.m
Max take off weight : 39690.0 lb / 18000.0 kg
Weight empty : 18003.8 lb / 8165.0 kg
Max. weight carried : 21686.2 lb / 9835.0 kg
Fuel capacity : 1153 gal / 4365 lt
Max. speed : 1318 kts / 2440 km/h
Landing speed : 124 kts / 230 km/h
Cruising speed : 540 kts / 1000 km/h
Initial climb rate : 64960.63 ft/min / 330.00 m/s
Service ceiling : 55774 ft / 17000 m
Wing load : 104.76 lb/sq.ft / 511.0 kg/sq.m
Range : 1134 nm / 2100 km
Crew : 1
Armament : 1x MK 30mm, 8x ext. / 2000kg ext.
Mig-29 Fulcrum A
Engines: 2 x Tumansky R-33D turbofans, 18,300 lb st (81,4 kN)
Installed thrust (dry / reheat): 100 / 165 kN
Span: 11.36m (37ft 3½ in)
Length: 17.32m (56 ft 10 in)
Height: 4.73m (15 ft 6½ in)
Wing area: 35.5 sq.m
Empty weight: 7800 kg
Clean weight: 15,240 kg (33,600 lb)
MTOW: 18,500 kg (40,785 lb)
Max speed: 2.3 Mach / 2,445 km/h / 1,520 mph
Service ceiling: 17,000m (55,775 ft)
Combat radius: 1150 km
Fuel internal: 4000 kg
Air refuel: No
Armament: one 30mm Gsh-30-1 cannon / 150 rounds; 3000 kg (6,614 lb) of disposable stores
Hardpoints: 6 external
Seats: 1.
Mig-29 Fulcrum B
Engines: 2 x Tumansky R-33D turbofans, 18,300 lb st (81,4 kN)
Seats: 2
Max speed: M 2.3 (1,320 kts/2,440 km/h) at altitude
Armament: 1x 30-mm cannon
Mig-29UB
Seats: 2
Designed to provide Frontal Aviation with a tactical fighter offering secondary ground-attack capability, and capable of meeting contemporary Western fighters on more than equal terms, the MiG-23 was designed around the primary aim of an aircraft that could operate effectively without being tied to massive concrete runways. The Mikoyan bureau is known to have adopted two approaches to this requirement: first was the Ye-23 (or Ye-230) prototype of tailed-delta configuration and incorporated high-lift devices to give STOL capability, powered by a single turbofan engine supplemented by a battery of Kolesov lift-jets amidships for VTOL operations; the alternative prototype was the Ye-231, which deleted the lift-jets and replaced the delta wing by a variable-geometry wing.
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-27 Article
The prototypes were evaluated during 1966-67, with a decision to develop the swing-wing Ye-231 finalised probably during 1968, resulting in the pre-production MiG-23S ‘Flogger-A’ which, powered by a Tumansky R-27 turbojet with an afterburning thrust of 10200kg, first entered service for operational evaluation in 1970-71.
At about this time it must have been decided to optmise the MiG-23 as an air-combat fighter, and to develop a dedicated ground-attack parallel version, which was allocated the designation MiG-27. In consequence, aerodynamic changes were made to the MiG-23, the fuselage structure being lightened and more advanced avionics being introduced by the time the initial MiG-23M version entered service in 1973. More or less simultaneously the dedicated attack variant was developed and, while having much in common with the MiG-23, this was sufficiently different to warrant the allocation of the separate designation MiG-27.
The most significant differences are the MiG-27s fixed-geometry air inlets and afterburner nozzles, which indicate a simplicity of design permitted by the mission requirement of only transonic speed, compared with Mach 2.35 attainable by the MiG-23. The aircraft is capable of carrying large variety of bombs, unguided rockets, and missiles. The twin-barreled GSh-23 cannon was replaced with Gatling-type 23-mm one.
The maiden flight was performed in August 1970. First of the MiG-27 variants, the MiG-27 ‘Flogger-D’ features a nose sharply tapered from the windscreen and containing a laser ranger and marked-target seeker, and a six-barrel 23-mrn gun is positioned beneath the belly. Pilot vision is improved for attack missions by a raised seat and canopy, and low-pressure tyres are compatible with rough-field operation. Issued in quantity to the Soviet tactical air force, Frontal Aviation, the ‘Flogger-D’ has an export counterpart in the MiG-23BN ‘Flogger F’.
About 1978, the first MiG-27s became operational with the Soviet Air Force. Flogger D is distinguished by its armoured forward fuselage, which is steeply sloped in the absence of a radar.
In 1981, the MiG-27 ‘Flogger-J’ was first noted, this differing from the ‘Flogger D’ in further nose revision, with a lip on the top and a blister fairing beneath, and leading edge extensions. Podded guns on two wing pylons have barrels which can be depressed for attacking ground targets without recourse to a steep dive.
India has acquired a production licence for the ‘Flogger-J’ and began manufacture in 1985. Hindustan Aeronautics rolled out its first locally assembled MiG-27M, known as the Bahadur, for the Indian Air Force in December 1984. The first Indian Flogger J squadrons were declared operational during 1986.
Other Flogger variants identified by Nato are the MiG-23 Flogger K interceptor with dog¬tooth notches in the wing gloves, and the MiG¬-27 Flogger J with revised under-nose sensors and leading-edge root extensions. Flogger F and Flogger H export models combine the Mig-27’s forward fuselage with the Mig-23’s airframe, intakes, and nozzle, while Flogger E has the M1G-21’s Jay Bird radar in place of the High Lark.
Both the MiG-23 and MiG-27 are in large-scale use with the former Soviet air force, an estimated 3,000 reported being operational. They served with the Warsaw Pact air forces, and were exported to t’he air arms of Algeria, Angola, Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Egypt, Ethiopia, Hungary, India, Iraq, Libya, North Korea, Poland, South Yemen, Syria and Vietnam.
MiG-27 Flogger-D
Type: single-seat variable-geometry strike aircraft
Engine: one 11500-kg (25,353-1b) (dry / reheat: 78 / 113 kN) thrust Tumansky R-29B-300 afterburning turbojet
Wingspan, full extension (16′ sweep) 14.25 m (46 ft 9 in), fully swept (72′) 8.17 m (26 ft 9½ in)
Length 16.00 m (52 ft 6 in)
Height 4.35 m (14 ft 4 in)
Wing area, spread 27.26 sq.m (293.4 sq ft)
Maximum take-off weight: 18000-20670 kg (39,863-45570 lb)
Empty wt: 10.760 kg / 28.778 lb
Maximum speed Mach 1.5 at altitude / 1123 mph / 1807 kph
Maximum speed Mach 1.1 at sea level
Service ceiling 16000 m (52.495 ft)
Range: 480 mi / 780 km
Combat radius lo-lo-lo mission 390 km (242 miles) with four 500-kg (1,102-1b) bombs and two AA-2s
T/O run: 900 m
Ldg run: 900 m
Warload: 4500 kg
Fuel internal: 5750 lt
Air refuel: No.
Armament: one fixed six-barrel 23-mm gun
Hardpoints: five weapon pylons and two rear-fuselage racks
External max weight: 4000 kg (8,820 lb)
Crew: 1
The MiG-25 was designed in 1962 to intercept high altitude, high speed aircraft such as the F-108 Rapier program, the Mach 3 capable XB-70 Valkyrie and more important the A-12 which resulted in the SR-71 spy plane. Some say the posed threat of the XB-70 was the main (and only) reason for the MiG-25 design, but MiG OKB revealed that the mean reason was to counter the A-12/YF-12 program. When the XB-70 Valkyrie development stopped in 1963, the development of the MiG-25 continued.
The bureau was instructed to ignore virtually every aspect of flight performance but outright speed, rate of climb and service ceiling in an airframe that was to be developed quickly by the use of existing technologies. This removed the possibility of delays and helped to ensure that the interceptor would be available at the time of the B-70s proposed service debut in 1964. The bureau chose a nickel-steel alloy as the primary airframe material, with titanium alloy leading edges.
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25 Article
The MiG-25 was later allocated the NATO reporting name ‘Foxbat’, but when news came that the North American B-70 programme had been cancelled, emphasis of MiG-25 development was shifted to high-speed reconnaissance rather than interception.
A cantilever high-wing monoplane with swept leading edges, a slender fuselage blended into the engine air inlets. With twin outward-canted vertical tail surfaces and all-moving horizontal tail surfaces, the MiG-25 is constructed primarily of steel, with titanium used for the leading edges of wing and tail unit to maintain structural integrity despite the high temperatures resulting from kinetic heating.
It has two afterburning turbo fans each capable of delivering 110 kN (24,700 lb) of thrust. It is equipped with a simple but very powerful radar for long range missile guidance. The MiG-25 relies on ground control radars for guidance to the target.
On 6 March 1964 the first MiG-25 prototype, designated Ye-155-R-1, made its maiden flight. Although this first prototype was a dedicated reconnaissance aircraft, it was soon followed up by an interceptor prototype. The Ye-155-P-1 made its first flight on 9 September 1964.
As the Ye-266. It featured a large fuselage (comprising mainly the powerplant arrangement of two Tumanskii R-31 afterburning turbojets plus their variable-geometry inlets and fully variable nozzles), high-set wings of broad chord and a modest sweep of 400 declining to 380 outboard of the outer pylon, slab tailplane halves and outward-canted vertical tail surfaces.
The first mention in the West that this aircraft, identified by the MiG design bureau as the Ye-266, had flown came in April 1965 with a Soviet claim that the aircraft had established a new speed record in a 1000km closed circuit. An E-266 achieved a speed of 1,441.5 mph (2,320 km/h) over a 1000 km closed circuit course with a 4,409 lb (2,000 kg) payload in April 1965. In October 1967 an E-266 raised this record, shortly after establish¬ing a 310 mile (500 km) closed circuit speed record (without payload) of 1852.61 mph (2981.5 kph). In the same month the E 266 also set a payload-¬to-height record by lifting a 2,000 kg load to an altitude of 98,349 ft (29,977 m). Since that time, further records have been set by the developed Ye-266M, holding the absolute world altitude record of 37650m.
On 17 May 1975 an E-266N established a climb record to 35,000m / 114,629ft of 251.3 seconds, piloted by A. Fedotov. The aircraft also re-took the time to 25,000m / 82,021ft at 154.2 seconds (piloted by A. Fedotov), to 30,000m / 98,425ft at 189.7 seconds (piloted by P. Ostapenko).
The MiG-25 was first displayed in 1967.
The Ye-155-R-1 led to the first production type of the recce MiG-25, designated MiG-25R. In 1970 these aircraft were redesignated MiG-25RB when a bombing capability was added.
In the mean time the Ye-155-P-1 led to the MiG-25P which was armed with up to four AAMs carried under the wings. The MiG-25P entered service in 1970 with the Soviet Air Forces. The MiG-25P (Foxbat-A) was the first interceptor model, improved Sapfir-25 radar, fire control and engines resulted in the MiG-25PD and PDS or Foxbat-E.
The first reconnaissance derivative to appear was the MiG-25R ‘Foxbat-B’, which features a total of five vertical/ oblique cameras in the nose section ahead of the cockpit. SLAR (SideLooking Airborne Radar) apparatus is also installed in the forward fuselage, whilst this model and the later ‘Foxbat D’ both employ a different wing of shorter span than that of the interceptor.
Apart from airbases in the Soviet military Baltic area like Bryusterport, Kaliningrad, Pllau, Palanga, Baltiysk and Riga, the Soviet Union also used support bases in Poland for reconnaissance operations over the Baltic. One of these is Kolobrzeg on the Polish coast, where the MiG-25R Foxbat-B was stationed. The Foxbat was regularly timed at speeds of almost 1,850 mph / M2.8 at altitudes of more than 70,000 ft.
The MiG-25Rs of Kolobrzeg can look deep into NATO areas with long-range cameras, and to do this they fly via the GDR along the borders of the Federal Republic and Denmark. Because the Foxbat is so fast, at maximum speed it covers almost 30 miles per minute, the aircraft flying reissuance missions sometimes inadvertently flies over West European territory. So it happened that a Foxbat-B in 1983, due to starting its turn too late, flew some miles over Danish territory.
The Soviet MiG-25R which, apart photographic missions, can also be used for radar reconnaissance (Foxbat-D), is part of the 24th Soviet Air Army stationed in Poland.
The variants for the recce role are the MiG-25RB/RBV/BBT and the later MiG-25RBK/RBS/RBSh and RBF models which had improved radar, sensors and cameras.
The Foxbat-B is also thought to have entered service in 1970, and it is known that four Soviet air force aircraft of this type were deployed to Egypt in the spring of 1971, making a number of forays from Cairo West to conduct reconnaissance sorties over the Israeli occupied Sinai peninsula and down Israel’s coast. Israeli attempts to intercept these with McDonnell Douglas F4E Phantoms met with no success, and the MiG-25Rs remained in Egypt until the autumn of 1975,
The ‘Foxbat-B’ was followed in due course by the Foxbat-D, generally similar in appearance although it lacks the camera installation and also incorporates a larger SLAR, located slightly farther aft and much closer to the cockpit. 1984 estimates indicate that a combined total of about 160 examples of the ‘Foxbat-B’ and ‘Foxbat-D’ models were present with Soviet tactical air forces, others having been supplied to Algeria, India, Libya and Syria since 1979. India was one of the biggest operator of MiG-25s among the export countries but was planning to have phased out the aircraft by 2005.
The conversion of more than 300 Foxbat A interceptors to MiG-25M Foxbat E standard, with more modern radar/missile combination and more powerful R- 31 F engines for better performance at lower altitude in the “look¬down/shoot- down” role. The aircraft are distinguished by a small infrared sensor under the nose. The Foxbat B also has 137.3kN uprated Tumansky R-31 turbojets.
The MiG-25BM was developed from the MiG-25RB recce-bomber. The -25BM or Foxbat-F is basically a MiG-25RB with ECM equipment instead of the recconnaissance equipment. It is developed for the suppression of enemy air defences, especially SAM radar sites and is armed with the Kh-58 stand-off anti-radiation missiles. The MiG-25 Foxbat-F is a conversion of older aircraft with AS-11 “Kilter” missiles for the anti-radar role.
The Foxbat A high-altitude interceptor was followed by a MiG-25U Foxbat C two-seat trainer. Two seat trainer variants are the MiG-25PU for the interceptor types, MiG-25RU for the recce types, and the basic MiG-25U variant. All designated as Foxbat-C by NATO.
Over 1200 have been built, of which about 75% were interceptors. Limited production of the MiG-25 series continued in 1987.
MiG-25s have been used extensively by the VVS, and versions have been exported also to Iraq. Production terminated in 1984 in favour of the MiG-31.
Samurra Air Battle – F-15 vs MiG-25
Variants:
MiG-25P (Foxbat-A)\
MiG-25RB/RBV/RBT (Foxbat-B)
MiG-25PU/RU/U (Foxbat-C)
MiG-25RBK/RBS/RBSh/RBF (Foxbat-D)
MiG-25PD/PDS (Foxbat-E)
MiG-25BM (Foxbat-F)
Operators:
Russia
Algeria
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Bulgaria
India
Iraq
Libya
Syria
Ukraine
Specifications:
E 266
Engines: 2 x 24250 lb (11,000 kg) st after burning turbojet engines
Wing span: approx 40 ft 0 in (12.20 m)
Length: approx 69 ft 0 in (21.00 m)
Speed (1967 closed circuit record): 1,814,81 mph (2,920.67 km/h) over a 621 mile (1,000 km) course
Crew: 1
MiG-25
Engines: 2 x Tumanski R-31, 123.0kN
Max take-off weight: 35000 kg / 77162 lb
Empty weight: 20000 kg / 44093 lb
Wingspan: 15.0 m / 49 ft 3 in
Length: 25.0 m / 82 ft 0 in
Height: 6.0 m / 19 ft 8 in
Wing area: 56.8 sq.m / 611.39 sq ft
Max. speed: 3000 km/h / 1864 mph
Ceiling: 37000 m / 121400 ft
Range w/max.fuel: 2575 km / 1600 miles
Range w/max.payload: 1260 km / 783 miles
Crew: 1
MiG-25
Engines: 2 x Tumanski R-31 turbojet, 24,250 lb / 11,000 kg
Wingspan: 45 ft 9 in / 13.95 m
Length: 78 ft 1.75 in / 23.82 m
MTOW: 79,800 lb / 36,200 kg
Max speed: 2113 mph / 3400 kph
Range: 1490 sm / 2400 km
Mig-25 Foxbat A
Engine: 2 x Tumansky R-31. Installed thrust (dry / reheat): 182 / 240 kN (27,116 lb / 12,300 kg).
Wingspan 45 ft 9 in (13.95 m)
Length 78 ft 1.75 in (23.82 m)
Height 20 ft 0.25 in (6.10 m)
Wing area 611.7 sq ft (56.83 sq.m)
Empty weight: 44,092 lb (20,000 kg)
Maximum take-off 37,425 lb (17,011 kg)
Warload: 2000 kg
Max speed: 2,115 mph (3,404 km/h) or Mach 3.2 at 36,090 ft (11,000 m)
Time to height: 2.5 min / 11,000 m
Initial climb rate: 41,010 ft (12,500 m) per minute
Service ceiling 80,050ft(24,400m)
TO run: 1400 m
Ldg run: 2200 m
Fuel internal: 17,400 lt
Air refuel: No
Range:1400 mi / 2260 km
Combat radius: 702miles (1,130 km)
Armament: 4 x AA-6 Acrid air-to-air missile
Seats: 1
MiG-25R
Type: single-seat all-weather tactical/strategic reconnaissance aircraft
Powerplant: two Tumansky R-31 turbojets, 11 000-kg (24,250-1b) afterburning thrust
Maximum speed 3400 km/h (2,115 mph) or Mach 3.2
Service ceiling 27000 m (88,580 ft)
Normal operational radius 1095 km (690 miles)
Ferry range 2575 km (1,600 miles)
Empty weight: 19595 kg (43,200 lb)
Maximum take-off weight: 33400 kg (73,635 lb)
Wingspan 13.40 m (44 ft 0 in)
Length 23.82 m (78 ft 1 ¾ in)
Height 6.10 m (20 ft 1/4 in)
Wing area 56, 00 sq.m (603 sq ft).
MiG-25 RB
Engine: 2 x Soyuz / Moscow R 15 BD 300 , 107753 N / 10984 kp
Length: 70.702 ft / 21.55 m
Height: 19.685 ft / 6.0 m
Wingspan: 43.898 ft / 13.38 m
Max take off weight: 90846.0 lb / 41200.0 kg
Weight empty: 49215.6 lb / 22320.0 kg
Max. speed: 1620 kts / 3000 km/h
Cruising speed: 1350 kts / 2500 km/h
Service ceiling: 75459 ft / 23000 m
Range: 1150 nm / 2130 km
Fuel capacity: 4028 gal / 15245 lt
Crew: 1
Armament: 5000kg bomb
MiG-25 BM
Engine: 2 x Soyuz / Moscow R 15 BD 300 , 107753 N / 10984 kp
Length: 70.702 ft / 21.55 m
Height: 19.685 ft / 6.0 m
Wingspan: 43.898 ft / 13.38 m
Max take off weight: 90846.0 lb / 41200.0 kg
Weight empty: 49215.6 lb / 22320.0 kg
Max. speed: 1620 kts / 3000 km/h
Cruising speed: 1350 kts / 2500 km/h
Service ceiling: 75459 ft / 23000 m
Range: 1150 nm / 2130 km
Fuel capacity: 4028 gal / 15245 lt
Crew: 1
Armament: 4x Kh58 (AS-11 Kilter) 200km anti radar msl.
MiG-25PD
Powerplant: two 110 kN (24,700 lb st) Soyuz/Tumansky R-15BD-300 afterburning turbofans
Length 23.82m (78 ft 1¾ in)
Height 6.10m (20 ft ¼ in)
Wing span (over tip 14.02m (45ft 11¾ in)
Weights clean 20.000 kg (44,100 lb)
Max Take-Off Weight 36.720 kg (80,950 lb)
Max level speed at 13.000m (42,650 ft) more than Mach 2.83 or 3.000 km/h (1,865 mph)
Max level speed at sea level 1.200 km/h (745 mph)
Service ceiling 20,700m (67,900 ft)
Armament: up to four long range Air-to-Air Missiles such as the R-23 and R-40, and up to four short range IR guided AAMs like the R-60 and R-73A.
Development of the Ye-152 series of interceptors was stopped as a result of the OKB ‘s preoccupation with the Ye-155P (MiG-25P), but the remaining prototype was completed for high-speed research as the Ye-152M with an R-15B-300 engine providing an afterburning thrust of 10210kg. This aircraft established (as the Ye-166) an absolute speed record over a 100km closed-circuit of 2601km/h on 7 October 1961, and an absolute speed record of 2681km/h on 7 July 1962.
The Ye-166 was used for exploration into the structural and aerodynamic requirements of flight at speeds of more than 1864 mph (3000 km/h).
Engine: 1 x R-15B-300, afterburning thrust of 10210kg
Max take-off weight: 3100 kg / 6834 lb
Wingspan: 8.5 m / 27 ft 11 in
Length: 18.5 m / 60 ft 8 in
Max. speed: 2680 km/hr /1665 mph
Crew: 1
All Aero 