Arnold AR-6 Endeavour

Designed by Mike Arnold, the AR-6 was built David Hoover, Mike Arnold (fuselage plug), Craig Catto (wings), Robby Grove (landing gear), and Steve Hill (carbon fiber prop).

First flown in March 2005, it was raced by David Hoover at the Reno National Air Races in the Formula 1 class from 2005 to 2007, finishing first in the Gold race in 2007.

It was then owned by Steve Senegal of San Bruno, California. In 2008, Steve piloted the AR-6 to victory in the Gold race and won again in 2010

In 2012, Steve set a new race-lap record of 260 mph, and won the Gold race. In 2014, he set a new qualifying lap record of more than 267 mph and won the Gold race in the Formula 1 class.

On September 18, 2016, about 1118 Pacific daylight time, the Hoover Arnold AR-6, N616DH, struck Reberry 3M1C1R, N913FT, during the takeoff roll at the Reno-Stead Airport (RTS), Reno, Nevada. The AR-6 was registered to the pilot and operated as Race 11. The 3M1C1R was registered to Hot Stuff Air Racing LLC., Kissimmee, Florida, and was operated as Race 1.

The pilot of Race 11 reported that he was in the back row of the Formula 1 staggered start sequence on runway 8. Once he saw the green flag for start, he initiated takeoff and observed both airplanes to the left and right of him accelerating faster than he did. As the tail of the airplane came up, the pilot observed Race 1 stationary on the runway and he attempted to swerve out of the way and get the airplane airborne. Subsequently, Race 11 impacted Race 1.

The pilot of Race 1 reported that he was in the number four position, which was located in the middle row, inside position. He stated that when running the engine up in anticipation of the start, about 20 seconds before the green flag drop, the engine was not running well enough for flight and he made the decision to shut the engine down to signal the starters to halt the starting process. The pilot recalled that a flagman on his row put his hands in an ‘X’ over his head and he decided to open his canopy to make it clear he was out of the race and so everyone could see him. The pilot further reported that an alternate airplane was signaled to taxi on to the runway to replace his entry and that he felt confident the communications had reached the appropriate people as he waited for personnel to push his airplane off the runway. The pilot stated that shortly after, he saw the flagman run out on to the runway waving his hands over his head as if something was wrong and observed the airplane to his right start his takeoff roll. A few seconds later, Race 6 and Race 8 passed by him on either side, and subsequently, he was impacted from behind.

Examination of Race 1 revealed that the upper portion of the rudder and vertical stabilizer were separated. Multiple propeller slash marks were observed on the right wing, which was partially separated. Examination of Race 11 revealed that the left wing was structurally damaged, and the left main landing gear structure was compressed upward through the wing structure.

Onboard video from Race 1, revealed that the camera was mounted in the forward area of the cockpit, providing video of the pilot, and surrounding runway environment, including the third row of airplanes and flaggers adjacent to the third row. About 4 seconds from the start of the video, the engine was heard running erratically. At 11 seconds, the pilot was observed looking to his right and began shutting down the engine along with starting to open the canopy 2 seconds later. Between 16 and 17 seconds, the canopy was opened. At the same time, a flagger was observed on the ramp side of the runway, dropping a white flag, signaling the start of the race to the third row. At 25 to 26 seconds, airplanes were observed passing on both the left and right side of his position, followed by the left wing and landing gear of Race 11 colliding with the empennage and right wing of Race 1 about a second later. It was noted that during the 10 seconds from the canopy opening to the time of the collision, Race 11 was observed drifting slightly left during the takeoff roll.
Accident Number: WPR16LA185A

Hoover AR-6
Engine: Continental O-200
Prop: Carbon fiber, 54- by 68-inch pitch
Wingspan: 24 feet, 4 inches
Empty Weight: 600 pounds
Fuel Capacity: 5.4 gallons
Top Speed: 310 mph at 3,000 feet MSL
Final Approach Speed: 90 mph

Arnold AR-5

Mike Arnold’s AR-5 has inspired a generation of aerospace engineers by being the first powered aircraft with a flat plate drag of less than 1 square foot. The AR-5 had smashed the ‘impossible’ mark with a flat plate drag area equivalent to just 0.88 square feet.

The AR-5 was foam shaped, sanded, glassed, then sanded construction.

In 1992, the AR-5 set a c-1a/0 record of 213mph on 65HP.

When he was ready, Arnold shared his ‘mystery ship’ with a number of pilots from leading aviation magazines. They all agreed that the little speedster was also a sweet-handling machine, with beautifully harmonised controls and plenty of room for the pilot.

Arnold had originally planned to sell plans for the AR-5 but, while he was satisfied with the design, he decided to wait and see how the gathering storm of product liability suits would play out.

Instead, Arnold fell back on his first craft, producing a series of movies about his plane and selling video copies to homebuilders and aviation enthusiasts. The full set of films is:

  • Why It Goes So Fast
  • How It’s Made
  • Moldless, Low-Drag Wheel Pants
  • The AR-5 In Action
  • Making Fibreglass Molds
  • Making A Molded Fuselage – Shaping The AR-6

There is no CGI or even a pretty diagram in any of them. Each documentary offers an engaging story as well as plenty of information.

Arnold had an engine failure (broke something internal) and the AR5 had a forced landing. The plane came to a stop with the gear legs bent aft and the airplane was sitting nose down on the cowling. That wrecked the main gear and smacked the engine and firewall on the ground. In the case of other pilot-builders, some have decided to retire the bird rather than risk an in-flight structural failure.

According to his video a soldered connection in the throttle linkage gave way and that was the reason for the engine failure. According to the video the gear mounts were undamaged and the engine mount bent absorbing the impact (no damage to primary structure that he had found). As of the recording date of the video he was planning on returning it to flight, but hadn’t finished or maybe hadn’t even started yet. It was retired.

The AR-5 is currently on permanent display at the Hiller Aviation Museum in San Carlos, California.

AR-5
Engine: 65hp Rotax 582
Span: 21 ft 0 in
Wing area: 56.2sq.ft.
Length: 14.5′
Height: 36″
Empty weight: 488 lb
Seats: 1
Fuselage width: 23″

Arno Chereau Aeronautique J 300

The J300 has a welded steel tube construction for the fuselage and dural foam laminate for the wings. In 1998 the constructor was offering a kit complete with two-stroke engine, at less than 100,000F.

Engine: Rotax 912, 79 hp
Wing span: 10.20 m
Wing area: 19 sq.m
MAUW: 450 kg
Empty weight: 174 kg
Fuel capacity: 2 x 63 lt
Max speed: 205 kph
Cruise speed: 140 kph
Minimum speed: 60 kph
Climb rate: 5 m/s
Fuel consumption: 8.90 lt/hr
Seats: 2
Price (1998): 240,000 Fhc
Kit price (1998): 79,000 Fhc

Arnoldi Frenard Duck

This single-seat amphibian/flying boat N69966 was designed and built by Mr. Fred N. Arnoldi (hence Frenard) and several colleagues of the Curtiss-Wright company. The aircraft was intended as flying scale for a planned (unbuilt) 4-seat aircraft and it was completed in 1948/1949 and then powered by a 50hp Continental A50.

Many years later (in the 1970s) the aircraft was advertised for sale as the Bohmer Canard and it had been re-engined with a 65hp Continental A65.

The aircraft is still on the FAA register as the Frenard Experimental. The Duck was claimed to be easy to convert for land or water use and the wing floats and landing gear were removable.

Arnal Le Mistral

A monoplane design of Léopold Arnal, who patented some features of the design in Belgium, pertaining to the landing gear and a sort of starting ‘hook’ which made the rows of personnel holding the machine when the engine was running superfluous. The pilot could handle this hook from the cockpit. It was built in October 1910 at Cateau (Belgium). Tests were made on 9 October and 21 November 1910 which ended in (small) crashes. In January 1911 “Le Mistral” was exhibited at the Brussels Aero Show.

Armstrong Whitworth Liskin

The prototype Liskin aircraft, the first to be entirely designed and constructed by the Company, was begun in 1919 and was built of wood and canvas.

It first flew from the old Radford Aerodrome at Coventry in 1920 and was shown to the public at the first R.A.F. Hendon display in that year.

Fitted with an A.B.C. Dragonfly air cooled engine, this prototype was the forerunner of a series of aircraft with graduated improvements in engines and general construction.

Engine: A.B.C. Dragonfly, 320 hp
Span: 27 ft 6 in
Wing Area: 247 sq.ft
Fully loaded weight: 2,181 lb
Registration: C 4541

Armstrong Whitworth AW.35 Scimitar

A development of the A.W.16, the A.W.35 Scimitar was powered by a Panther VII engine enclosed by a long-chord cowling and rated at 565hp at 3660m, and a maximum output of 605hp at 4115m. Armament was two 7.7mm Vickers Type E machine guns and provision was made for four 9kg bombs to be carried beneath the lower mainplane.
Two prototypes of the Scimitar were flown in 1933, and these were followed by four production examples for the Norwegian Army Air Force which were delivered at the beginning of 1936. These were powered by the Panther XIA with a maximum rating of 730hp.

Engine: Panther XIA, 730hp
Take-off weight: 1860 kg / 4101 lb
Empty weight: 1276 kg / 2813 lb
Wingspan: 10.06 m / 33 ft 0 in
Length: 7.62 m / 25 ft 0 in
Height: 3.53 m / 11 ft 7 in
Wing area: 24.28 sq.m / 261.35 sq ft
Max. speed: 343 km/h / 213 mph