Balloon

Santos-Dumont

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The son of a wealthy Brazilian coffee-planter, Alberto Santos Dumont was born on July 20th, 1873, in the village of Cabangu, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. At the age of 18, his father sent Santos Dumont to Paris where he devoted his time to the studies of chemistry, physics, astronomy and mechanics. He had a dream and an objective: to fly. In 1898, Santos-Dumont went up in his first balloon. It was round and unusually small and he called it Brésil (Brazil).

Santos-Dumont Article

His first dirigible was 25 m (8½ ft) long and contained 180 cubic metres (6400 cubic feet) of hydrogen gas beneath which he suspended a 3½ hp petrol engine. On 18 September 1898 he took off from the jardin d’acclimatisation in the Bois de Boulogne and promptly ended up in a clump of trees. Know-all bystanders had advised him to take-off downwind. Two days later he was back, this time rising effortlessly into wind to complete a figure of eight 400 m (1300 ft) above an astonished, cheering crowd. ‘Le Petit Santos’ — for he weighed just 49 kg (108 lb) — was an instant hero.

Santos embarked on an ambitious de¬velopment programme after this modest triumph, and soon became a familiar sight puttering over the Paris suburb of Neuilly-¬Saint James on his latest dirigible. In the summer of 1901 he made two attempts to win a 125,000-franc prize offered by Henri Deutsche de la Meurthe for a flight from the parc d’aerostation at St Cloud to the Eiffel Tower and back, a distance of about 12 km (4 miles), in half an hour. The first began on 13 July. With a following wind Santos’s No. 5 dirigible was soon rounding the Eiffel Tower, but on his return trip the little air¬ship could make no headway, the time limit elapsed and the engine stopped. Santos valved off hydrogen and settled into a large chestnut tree in the grounds of Edmund de Rothschild’s house. During his second attempt, on 8 August, Santos again circled the Eiffel Tower but was foiled on the way back, crashing noisily and explosively on to the roof of an hotel at Trocadéro. Shaken and singed he climbed through an attic window and was held by the manager on suspicion of cat burglary.

Another dirigible was hastily constructed to replace the wrecked No. 5, and on 19 October 1901 Santos just succeeded in making the round trip within the specified 30 minutes. Typically philanthropic, he divided the prize between his workers and the Parisian poor, keeping not a centime for himself. Santos built 14 airships in all, of which his diminutive No. 9 was the best-known and most successful. On this personal runabout he challenged a friend’s after-dinner remark that his dirigibles were no more than ‘scientific curiosities’ by flying right into the heart of Paris, landing in the Avenue des Champs-Elysées and mooring it on the railings of his house on the corner of Rue Washington while he went inside for coffee. Thereafter Parisians became quite blasé about the sight of No. 9 parked outside fashionable restaurants or in the grounds of the country houses of Santos’s many friends.

Dumont retired from his aeronautical activities in 1910. Alberto Santos Dumont, seriously ill and disappointed, it is said, over the use of aircraft in warfare, committed suicide in the city of Guarujá in São Paulo on July 23, 1932.

Sadler 1810 balloon

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On September 24, 1810, James Sadler and local chemist William Clayfield took off from Bristol in their hydrogen-filled balloon. At first the intrepid balloonists flew towards Leigh Down, where they proceeded to parachute a small basket containing a cat down to earth. Fortunately the cat, who was subsequently named ‘Balloon’ by the local doctor, seems to not to have suffered from the ordeal. The balloon continued on its flight passing over Clevedon before crossing the Bristol Channel towards Barry in South Wales where, fearing they would not make land before ditching in the sea, the men threw as much as they could out of the basket – including Mr Sadler’s hat. The balloon drifted down the channel before landing on the sea about four miles off Combe Martin. Both men were then rescued by lifeboat.

Ruppenthal Eagle

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Thunder’s first U.S. sale was Cactus Jack, sold to Bob and Marge Ruppenthal, the Albuquerque couple at whose house the Thunder contingency stayed while campaigning Jumpin’ Jack in the ’73 Worlds. After modifications, the balloon was re-registered as a “Ruppenthal Eagle.”

Royal Aircraft Establishment / RAE / Royal Aircraft Factory / The Balloon Factory

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RAE / RAF Article

Known originally as the Royal Aircraft Factory, Farnborough, under the direction of Mervyn O’Gorman, was authorized only to repair a crashed experimental 60 h.p. E.N.V. Bleriot monoplane. By the time the “repair” work was finished it had turned into a tail first biplane classified S.E.1 – the “S” standing for Santos Dumont, in deference to the inventor of the tail first formula. (As the S.E.1 was the only tail first type built by the Factory, the letters S.E. were later taken to mean Scout Experimental.) Faced with a fait accompli, the War Office wound up the Balloon Section R.E. on April 1st, 1911, and replaced it by the Air Battalion; three weeks later they renamed the Balloon Factory the Army Aircraft Factory. One of the Factory’s first jobs was to “repair” the Duke of Westminster’s Voisin pusher biplane, which emerged as the B.E.1 (Bleriot Experimental No. 1) tractor biplane, designed by F. M. Green and “D.H.”

At the same time, it was decided to inaugurate the designations R.E. (Reconnaissance Experimental, two seat tractor biplane), T.E. (Tatin Experimental monoplane with pusher propeller at tail), and B.S. (Bleriot single seat Scout) for future use.

Was involved in dirigible construction and repair before First World War. It was renamed Royal Aircraft Establishment during the war and initiated biplane designs for the Royal Flying Corps, including the B.E.2 and F.E.2 series, F.E.8, R.E.8, and finally the S.E.5 fighter.

Robertson Flotille Aérostatique

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Eugène Robertson gas balloon, ascending from the Castle Garden at the Battery in New York, October 10, 1826. Eugène Robertson made many early ascensions in North America, with flights made at New York and New Orleans between 1825 and 1836.

In 1826, Eugène Robertson’s hot air balloon was snagged by Castle Garden’s flagpole, and he almost lost his life. One month later, he completed a second ascension without a hitch.

He also made early flights in the Antilles (1828 at La Havana) and in Mexico (1835 Mexico City and Veracruz). He died of yellow fever in Veracruz in 1838. His father and his brother Dimitri were also well-known balloonists.