France Louis Schreck, the South American representative for Delaunay-Belleville automobiles, returned to France in 1909. He joined Hanriot at Juvissey and in 1911, jointly with engineer named Gaudard, designed D’Artois flying-boat.
Formed Hydravions Schreck FBA, and aided by British capital acquired Donnet-Leveque/Denhaut flying-boat patents, and was associated with that company until it was acquired by Bernard in 1934.
FBA 16 was side-by-side two-seat flying-boat; FBA 17 a utility type which established a seaplane height record in December 1923. A development was brought by US Coast Guard in 1931. In the later 1930s Schreck was carrying out flying-boat repairs and subcontract work.
The Diapason (French for tuning-fork of which it resembled), was monoplane of 1910 in a form where the wing was swept back in a wide curve. The photo clearly shows a hefty radiator at the front of the small fuselage, from which may be concluded that one is looking at the 50 hp water-cooled Chenu-powered version. This engine was placed directly in front driving the pusher propeller at the back of the short central nacelle via a long shaft. In this version the entire nacelle is uncovered.
This big, strange ornithopter was designed by architect Bruno Scholz of Schulzendorf near Berlin after 12 years of studies of birds. It was “modelled after real birds” and the frame was made of bamboo sticks with multiple-slatted wings covered canvas. The apparatus measured from head to tail 17 meters, the wing span was 14 meters and the height 6 meters. The bird’s body held a cockpit for two passengers, two engines, each of 8 hp, and a centrifuge (fan?) which would help to lift it. It was built at great expense in 1909/10, but after it had been found to be complete failure it was reportedly smashed by hand by its builder.
In 1923, the British magazine Flight reported what it termed the first successful flight of an aircraft constructed in China. This conventional biplane was designed by a German engineer, Leopold Carl Ferdinand Friedrich Schoettler. Its engine, instruments, wheels and dope for fabric covering were imported from Europe. All else was locally sourced. Work on it began in the summer of 1922.
The Schoettler I was a conventional European style two seat tractor biplane, with equal span two bay wings. These were mounted with 2° of dihedral and 597 mm, almost 2 ft, of stagger. The gap between the upper and lower planes was 1,676 mm (66 in), maintained by parallel pairs of aerofoil section struts and wire bracing. The unswept wings had a constant chord of 1,600 mm (63 in) with blunt wing tips and ailerons on both upper and lower planes. The Schoettler’s empennage was also conventional.
The fuselage was likewise a standard rectangular section wooden girder structure, fabric covered except around the engine and a wood upper decking around the open, tandem cockpits for pilot and for the observer, who sat under the wing trailing edge. It tapered to a knife-edge at the tail. At the front the 160 hp (119 kW) Mercedes water-cooled upright inline engine was enclosed in a rectangular cross-section metal cowling which tapered vertically, exposing the upper cylinders, to a two-blade propeller. At the rear of the housing an external radiator, with shutters for engine temperature control, projected on each side. The Schoettler had a conventional fixed undercarriage, with the mainwheels on a rigid axle mounted on V-struts.
A first flight date was not reported, but this was on or before 23 July 1923 when the Schoettler was test flown by an ex-RAF pilot, W.E. Holland. The latter reported good handling and an excellent, 360°, field of view for the observer noting the aircraft’s potential for development. More recent articles claim the first flight by a Chinese built aircraft was that of the indigenously-designed Xianyi Rosamonde (or Dashatou Rosamonde) on 12 July 1923, though without mention of the Schoettler; the two aircraft were evidently close contemporaries.
Powerplant: 1 × Mercedes, 120 kW (160 hp) Propeller: 2-bladed Wingspan: 12.04 m (39 ft 6 in) Wing area: 37.324 m2 (401.75 sq ft) Length: 8.3503 m (27 ft 4.75 in) Height: 3.12 m (10 ft 3 in) Empty weight: 741 kg (1,634 lb) Gross weight: 1,160 kg (2,558 lb) Wing loading: 31 kg/m2 (6.3 lb/sq ft) Power/mass: 0.063 hp/lb (103 W/kg) Maximum speed: 206 km/h (128 mph, 111 kn) at 1,000 ft (305 m) Cruise speed: 158 km/h (98 mph, 85 kn) Stall speed: 72 km/h (45 mph, 39 kn) Endurance: 4.5 h Capacity: Two
In late 1923 Flight reported on what was claimed to be the first successful aircraft constructed in China. It was designed by the German engineer Leopold Carl Ferdinand Friedrich Schoettler (born April 7, 1881, in Bruchhausen-Vilsen, Germany; died September 27, 1948) but the only major components imported from Europe were the engine, instruments, wheels and dope for the fabric covering; everything else was locally produced from local materials by workers without aviation experience or modern machinery.
In 1928 K O Schneider of Long Beach CA., built a two-place cabin biplane, registered N6947 c/n 1. It was powered by a 100hp Hall-Scott engine and noted in a magazine ad selling new for $450. It was purchased by Garland Lincoln
The Frederick Schneider No.1 Biplane was shown at an exhibition at Morris Park called by the Aeronautic Society of New York at the end of 1908, where Schneider tested the biplane of 30 ft. span. Among the most notable of its features was a low total weight of only 450 lbs and the use of three aluminium propellers of variable pitch. The engine, an air-cooled rotary, caused the failure of these flights.
The Schneider DFS 108-14 SG-38 Schulgleiter (German for “school glider”) is a German high-wing, cable-braced, single-seat primary glider that was developed from the Stamer Lippisch Zögling, and designed by Schneider, Rehberg and Hofmann at Edmund Schneider’s factory at Grunau in 1938, hence the designation. It was produced by several builders, including Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Segelflug (DFS).
The SG 38 was designed to be a training glider for basic flight training by the Nationalsozialistisches Fliegerkorps (NSFK). The usual launch method was by bungee cord from a sloped hill. Because training was conducted solely by solo flight the aircraft had to be very easy to fly and also easy to repair.
Schneider DFS108-14 / Schulgleiter SG-38
The high-wing design uses a kingpost and cable bracing. The primary structure of the glider is of wood, with the wings, tail surfaces and inverted “V” kingpost all finished in doped aircraft fabric covering. The pilot sits on a simple seat in the open air, without a windshield.
The basic configuration was similar to earlier gliders such as the Stamer Lippisch Zögling and the Grunau IX, but the SG 38 was an entirely new design. Improvements included enlarged tail surfaces for better stability, a separate skid mounted on shock-absorbing springs, and an updated seat for the pilot. Features were parallel rudder movement, provisions for trim weights fore and aft, and screw jack atop A- frame which facilitated assembly and disassembly. Large horizontal stabilizer and small elevator surface, with limited up-travel, made accidental stalls almost impossible.
Schneider ESG-9 / Grunau 9
First flying in 1938, the SG-38 played a critical role in pilot training for the Luftwaffe in the Second World War, as a simple, but robust, trainer for the rapid increase in the number of pilots needed by Germany. It was commonly flown by bungee launch on the slopes of the Wasserkuppe.
Landings could be made, usually without damage, with stick all the way back during final glide. After student had learned to balance glider with ailerons while facing into wind, level ground “Rutsches”–short duration sling-shots with insufficient speed to become airborne–were made. Higher launch velocities followed to permit short flight; then student would advance to hillside launches and, finally, to winch tows and longer flights.
Schneider DFS108-14 / Schulgleiter SG-38 SG-1
From 1949 to 1951 Spain’s AISA produced 50 licence-built aircraft. The SG-38 was built in Japan as the Tachikawa Ki-24.
In the UK, Elliotts of Newbury built a copy of the SG.38 called the Elliotts Primary EoN; its version first flown in 1948 and used by the RAF as the Eton TX.1.
Schneider ESG-9 / Grunau 9 IL / G 36
Overall, about 10,000 were built.
SG 38 Wingspan: 10.41 m (34 ft 2 in) Wing area: 16 m2 (170 sq ft) Aspect ratio: 6.76 Length: 6.28 m (20 ft 7 in) Height: 2.43 m (8 ft 0 in) Empty weight: 100 kg (220 lb) Gross weight: 210 kg (463 lb) Maximum speed: 115 km/h (71 mph, 62 kn) Never exceed speed: 115 km/h (71 mph, 62 kn) Maximum glide ratio: 10:1 at 52 km/h Wing loading: 13.75 kg/m2 (2.82 lb/sq ft) Crew: One
